Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other significant air emissions

Substance	Site	Bahia Pulp			São Paulo Pulp			Bracell
		2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025
NOX	t	451.93	448.42	384.55	2,847.74	3,131.48	2,933.80	3,299.64	3,579.90	3,318.35
SOX	t	30.47	39.65	40.27	139.89	59.05	55.13	170.36	98.70	95.40
MP	t	197.30	199.99	220.60	643.26	473.22	433.27	840.56	673.21	653.87
TRS	t	2.70	12.57	16.12	43.04	30.93	93.00	45.74	43.50	109.12

Notas: 1. The calculation of emissions was carried out through direct measurement using continuous analyzers installed on the production line. All reported values are expressed in t/year.

2. In the state of São Paulo, Bracell’s atmospheric emissions were calculated based on the emission factors provided by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (Cetesb, in Portuguese). The methodology adopted followed Board Decision No. 10/2010/P of January 12, 2010.

3. In the state of Bahia, the methodology used followed the guidelines of Ordinance No. 18.841, dated August 3, 2019, specifically regarding the maintenance of the atmospheric emissions monitoring plan to ensure compliance with daily average standards, covering TRS, PM, SOx, and NOx. The provisions of Conama Resolution No. 382, dated December 26, 2006, were also followed.

4. As Bracell’s operations do not involve processes that result in the significant emission of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), we do not conduct monitoring of these pollutants.

5. Due to the materiality of the topic, the Company began reporting the data in 2023, including emissions of NOx, SO₂, and particulate matter.

6. The data include disclosures as part of the EU Ecolabel and Nordic Swan schemes for kraft pulp.

7. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) are among the most critical air pollutants due to their direct and indirect impacts on the climate and human health. These pollutants are primarily generated from the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes. They affect the environment and human health by contributing to the formation of acid rain, which damages ecosystems and infrastructure, and by increasing the occurrence of respiratory problems. Therefore, they reinforce the need for controlling and reducing their emissions to mitigate their impacts.