Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other significant air emissions
Substance	Site	Bahia Pulp			São Paulo Pulp			Bracell
		2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025
NOX	t	451.93	448.42	384.55	2,847.74	3,131.48	2,933.80	3,299.64	3,579.90	3,318.35
SOX	t	30.47	39.65	40.27	139.89	59.05	55.13	170.36	98.70	95.40
MP	t	197.30	199.99	220.60	643.26	473.22	433.27	840.56	673.21	653.87
TRS	t	2.70	12.57	16.12	43.04	30.93	93.00	45.74	43.50	109.12

 

Note 1: Emissions were calculated through direct measurement using continuous analyzers in the production line. All reported values are expressed in t/year.

Note 2: In the state of São Paulo, Bracell’s atmospheric emissions were calculated based on emission factors provided by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (Cetesb). The methodology followed Board Decision No. 10/2010/P, dated January 12, 2010.

Note 3: In Bahia, the methodology followed the guidelines established by Ordinance No. 18,841, dated August 3, 2019, specifically regarding the maintenance of the atmospheric emissions monitoring plan to ensure compliance with standards based on daily average values, covering TRS, PM, SOx, and NOx. The provisions of CONAMA Resolution No. 382, dated December 26, 2006, were also followed.

Note 4: As Bracell’s operations do not involve processes that result in significant emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), these pollutants are not monitored.

Note 5: Due to the materiality of the topic, the Company began reporting these data from 2023 onwards, including emissions of NOx, SO₂, and particulate matter.

Note 6: Data consider reporting for EU Ecolabel and Nordic Swan certifications for kraft pulp.

Note 7: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) are among the most critical air pollutants due to their direct and indirect impacts on climate and human health. These pollutants are mainly generated by the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes.

These substances affect the environment and human health, contributing to the formation of acid rain, which damages ecosystems and structures, and to the occurrence of respiratory problems. Therefore, they reinforce the need to control and reduce emissions to mitigate their impacts.