Water is vital to human well-being, the conservation of natural ecosystems and biodiversity, and to Bracell’s operations. We are committed to preserving water resources by protecting springs and riparian vegetation in our areas of operation. Looking ahead, we have set a target to reduce water consumption per metric ton of product by 47% by 2030. This commitment underscores the importance we attach to water stewardship in our operations.

Our water stewardship practices are aimed at minimizing water use in pulp manufacturing, preserving water resources and watersheds, improving operational water efficiency, mitigating water availability risks and impacts, and optimizing effluent management practices.

We monitor and control water withdrawal, discharge, and consumption across both our mill and forestry operations. Our Integrated Management System comprises corporate policies, standard operating procedures, and risk, aspect and impact matrixes. These policies and procedures comply with the requirements of ISO 14001, ISO 9001, Forestry Certification Endorsement Program (PEFC) certification requirements, applicable Brazilian legislation, regulatory standards and international sustainability management protocols.

The Environmental and Certification teams in our forestry and mill operations manage our Integrated Management System. These teams report annually to senior management on continuous improvement in environmental performance and certification compliance.

As part of Bracell 2030, our sustainability roadmap, we have set a target for improving water efficiency in our mill processes. By 2030, we aim to achieve a 47% reduction in water intensity per metric ton of pulp produced, reaching 16.6 m³/adt. In 2025, our water intensity stood at 19.9 m³/adt, in line with our 18.5 m³/adt target for the year.

In our forestry operations, eucalyptus planting is informed by a climate zoning study conducted by our Forest R&D team. This study analyzes historical climate data such as precipitation, temperature, and latitude. Based on collected data, land with greater water availability may be recommended (read more about our management approach in Climate Action).

We are actively engaged in reducing the use of chemicals and inorganic fertilizers in our forestry operations, which can contaminate soil and water resources. In line with international conventions, including the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, we are phasing out sulfluramid and exploring safer alternatives for managing leaf-cutting ants. Our teams participate in collaborative research programs and conduct in-house testing to identify safer substitutes.

To further reduce synthetic fertilizer use, Bracell is exploring the application of organomineral fertilizers produced from organic waste generated by our own facilities. A composting plant feasibility study is currently underway. We have also begun producing potassium sulfate at our Lençóis Paulista (SP) mill from an effluent stream in the pulp production process, reducing reliance on imported potassium chloride.

List of chemicals used

Category	Active ingredient
Fungicide	Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole
Fungicide	Mancozeb + Azoxystrobin
Fungicide	Metconazole
Fungicide	Pyraclostrobin
Fungicide	Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin
Herbicide	Flumioxazin
Herbicide	Fluroxypyr + Triclopyr
Herbicide	Glyphosate
Herbicide	Haloxyfop
Herbicide	Haloxyfop + Clethodim
Herbicide	Indaziflam
Herbicide	Isoxaflutole
Herbicide	Oxyfluorfen
Herbicide	Saflufenacil
Herbicide	Sulfentrazone
Herbicide	Triclopyr
Insecticide	Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Alpha-cypermethrin
Insecticide	Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Deltamethrin
Insecticide	Fipronil
Insecticide	Imidacloprid
Insecticide	Isocycloseram
Insecticide	Sulfluramid
Insecticide	Thiamethoxam

Water withdrawal management

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia), water is withdrawn from 11 groundwater wells located near the plant within the Recôncavo Norte Watershed. These withdrawals are made under a permit from the Bahia State Environmental Agency (Inema). We also withdraw groundwater at our Bracell Papéis plant in the Northeast, in Feira de Santana (BA), via 14 deep cased wells operating under a permit issued by Inema. The wells are continuously monitored for flow rate, water table levels, and hydro accordance with regulations.

At our Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, water is sourced from six deep cased wells and surface water drawn from the Tietê River, at an intake 22 km from the mill. The site also has a system to collect rainwater. We additionally operate groundwater withdrawal systems at two nurseries in São Paulo: one in Lençóis Paulista and another in Avaí.

Our forestry operations, which supply raw material to both the Camaçari and Lençóis Paulista mills, similarly withdraw both surface and groundwater. Across all operations, our water withdrawal points are distributed as follows: 37 in Bahia, 338 in São Paulo, 44 in Minas Gerais, and 2 in Paraná. All withdrawals are made under permits issued by the respective environmental authorities. Withdrawal points are periodically monitored in accordance with license requirements (learn more under GRI 303-3 Water withdrawal).

In Bahia, we withdraw surface water from six major rivers: Pojuca, Subaúma, Itariri, Inhambupe, Sauípe and Imbassaí. In São Paulo, withdrawals are made from 10 designated Water Resource Management Units (UGRHIs): Aguapeí, Peixe, Upper Paranapanema, Middle Paranapanema, Pontal do Paranapanema, Tietê Batalha, Tietê Jacaré, Tietê Sorocaba, Piracicaba/Capivari/Jundiaí, and Mogi-Guaçu. In Minas Gerais, our water sources include Ribeirão da Onça, Ribeirão Jacurutu and its tributaries, Rio do Peixe, Córrego Sobrado, and Rio Jequitaí. In Paraná, water is withdrawn from Ribeirão Jundiaí. In Goiás, water is withdrawn from a tributary of the Rio Corrente.

We evaluate potential impacts on water resources using an impact matrix that accounts for the scale and intensity of forestry activities. Based on this analysis, we implement preventive and mitigation measures as needed. Regular water quality assessments are conducted to evaluate the effects of our forestry operations. As of 2025, the results indicate no adverse impacts. In São Paulo, water withdrawals are managed through a Power BI dashboard that is updated daily with withdrawn volumes. This information supports monitoring and decision-making to ensure responsible natural resource management.

Risk management in connection with water and effluents

Bracell has a corporate department dedicated to Corporate Risk Management and Business Continuity Management. Risk and business continuity management activities use both a preventive and a reactive approach, often concurrently, and are based on methodologies aligned with internationally recognized standards such as ISO 31000, BSI 31100, COSO ERM, ISO 22301 and NFPA 1600.

The risk management framework adopted in 2023 is formalized under our Risk Management and Business Continuity Policy, which has been signed by Bracell’s President and senior leadership. In addition to the policy, risk management activities are governed by a Corporate Risk Management Process procedure and Business Continuity Risk Management Manual, as well as the Bracell Risk Classification Matrix. All documents are available to employees through the Integrated Management System (SIG). Risk management was implemented at Bracell at the initiative of the President, who serves as the project’s primary sponsor and periodically reviews risk management outcomes.

The Bracell Risk Classification Matrix is the main related policy document. Identified risks are classified based on two parameters: likelihood of occurrence and potential consequence. This matrix defines the criteria that determine each level of likelihood and consequence. 

Given that risks may materialize across multiple dimensions, risk assessments consider impacts related to personal health and safety, the environment, social impact and communities, crews, industrial operations and business, forestry operations and business, legal and compliance matters, financial performance, and reputation.

Regarding water resources, the criteria for determining environmental consequence levels include improper water withdrawals, effluent discharge in non-compliance with applicable legislation, and contamination of water sources.

Water Resources Monitoring Program

Our Water Resource Monitoring Plan tracks withdrawal volumes to ensure compliance with permit requirements and licensing covenants issued by environmental authorities.

Water management in the Camaçari Industrial Park is overseen by an independent firm that monitors both water availability and quality. The district’s Water Resources Management Plan includes risk assessments and action plans for 100% of tenants (read more about effluent management under GRI 303-4 Water discharge).

Bracell protects natural watercourses with vegetated buffer zones. We use official data from the Rural Environmental Register (CAR) to georeference information about the farms we manage. In our geographic information system, we intersect this data with other data sets, such as those compiled in our protected areas and buffer zones. This informs our operational procedures on each property, depending on the constraints and conditions set in management plans (read more in Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity).

Consumption management

Our facilities use partially closed-loop water systems that support water recycling throughout the production process, minimizing freshwater withdrawals.

At our new Tissue facility in Lençóis Paulista (SP), water used in manufacturing is extracted directly from the pulp, purified within the process, and then reused. This reduces water intake and enhances overall water efficiency.

At Bracell Papéis Nordeste, in Feira de Santana (BA), wastewater is recovered after treatment and returned to the process, further reducing fresh water consumption. This facility is designed as a fully closed loop, with 100% of process water recycled (read more about the sustainability attributes of our operations under GRI 2-6 About Bracell).

In our nurseries, water is primarily used for seedling irrigation. Excess irrigation water is directed to drainage systems, infiltrating the soil in the eucalyptus stands. In our forestry operations, water serves various purposes, including seedling watering, preparation of chemical treatment mixtures, firefighting, dust suppression and maintenance of service roads, and equipment cleaning.

In Bahia, Bracell collaborates with public agencies and local communities to help ensure water availability. Monitoring is conducted by an independent firm based in the Camaçari industrial park, which identifies potential risks and implements corrective action (see GRI 303-2 Management of water discharge-related impacts for additional information).

To ensure responsible and compliant water consumption, we conduct regular environmental monitoring across our forestry and mill sites in São Paulo and Bahia. This monitoring is performed by laboratories accredited under NBR ISO/IEC 17025 and includes assessments of both groundwater and surface water quality, as well as potability testing for human consumption, ensuring compliance with applicable regulations.

Reducing natural gas and water consumption

In 2025, we completed an upgrade of the cooking system for one of the pulp production lines at our mill in Camaçari, Bahia. The new cooking process requires less steam and, consequently, less water, and also enables the recovery of 100% of the seal water.In addition, improvements implemented at the mill have increased the reuse of wastewater through recirculation. Together, these initiatives resulted in improved water performance starting in the second half of the year, following the mill’s annual planned shutdown.

We also implemented significant improvements in water measurement systems in our Northeast paper operations. More accurate data collection enables more informed operational and investment decisions related to water and effluent management.

Effluent management and discharge

Our pulp production facilities are certified to ISO 14001:2015, which ensures water consumption and discharge points are systematically managed and controlled within an internal environmental management system, including consumption limits and strategies for reuse and reduction.

We are the first company in the pulp industry in São Paulo to implement three-stage effluent treatment.

• Primary treatment: mechanical removal of fibers and inorganic compounds through solid-liquid separation

• Secondary treatment: biological treatment of organic matter using activated sludge systems to significantly reduce organic load

• Tertiary treatment: final polishing of the treated effluent through a chemical flotation system, ensuring it meets appropriate quality standards before it is returned to the Tietê River.

Tertiary effluent treatment supports high-performance removal of organic load—as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—at approximately 98% efficiency, far exceeding federal regulatory requirements (Conama Resolution 430/2011). In addition, approximately 92% of water withdrawals are returned to the Tietê River as treated effluent.

Effluent discharge limits are set in accordance with Brazilian environmental laws and standards, including Article 18 of Decree No. 8.468/1976, Article 16 of CONAMA Resolution 430/2011, the state environmental regulator’s (CETESB) Technical Reference Document, Technical Opinion 072/18/IPSE, and international eco-label standards such as Nordic Swan and the EU Ecolabel (see GRI 2-6 About Bracell for further details).

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), process water is collected post-use and pumped to Bracell’s on-site primary treatment system, which includes a sedimentation step. The organic effluent is then sent to the local utility, which performs secondary biological treatment (activated sludge), ensuring more than 95% removal of organic load. The treated effluent is then discharged into the Atlantic Ocean through a submarine outfall, in compliance with CONAMA Resolution 430/2011 and the guidelines of the Bahia state environmental authority (INEMA).

We consistently maintain quality standards that surpass national regulatory requirements, with especially rigorous monitoring of parameters like BOD and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

At our operations in São Paulo, BOD levels are approximately 98% above the threshold required by federal regulations (Conama Resolution No. 430/2011), reflecting the efficiency of our exclusive tertiary treatment system.

In our Bahia operations, regular COD monitoring ensures the primary treatment system is performing optimally. The secondary treatment stage effectively reduces organic load, though due to mixing with effluents from other industrial operators within the complex, it is not possible to measure Bracell’s isolated contribution to the final effluent discharged offshore.

In November 2025, we implemented a new washing system at our Bahia pulp mill. This upgrade is expected to positively impact effluent COD levels, with results anticipated from 2026 onward.

River Basin Committees

We are active members of watershed committees in the regions where we operate, where we discuss ways to use water resources more sustainably. We are members of the following committees and programs:

• Recôncavo Norte and Inhambupe Watershed Committee (CBH RNI), in Alagoinhas, Bahia;
• Paranapanema Watershed Committee (CGBH-RL), in Lençóis (BA);
• Watershed Monitoring and Modeling Program (Promab), led by the Institute of Forestry Research and Studies (IPEF), in the states of São Paulo (Piracicaba) and Bahia (Eunápolis), with 30 years of monitoring experience.

We also implement initiatives in partnership with stakeholders, especially local communities and suppliers, to preserve and restore headwater areas and improve water resource efficiency.

Bracell operates mills in the Camaçari Industrial Park, Bahia, in the Lençóis Paulista Industrial Park, São Paulo, and in Feira de Santana, Bahia. We also have forestry operations—spanning from planting through harvesting—in the states of São Paulo, Bahia, and Sergipe. We monitor freshwater withdrawal volumes, risks, and impacts on water resources in full compliance with our environmental licenses, applicable laws, and certification standards within Bracell’s Integrated Management System.

At the São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) sites, there are no water withdrawals as these facilities use dry processing.

We use a structured management approach covering all stages—withdrawal, consumption, and discharge—to ensure both environmental compliance and water efficiency.

Water withdrawal sources:

• Licensed surface and groundwater sources
• Treated wastewater
• Utility

Water uses:

• Drinking water
• Toilet flushing
• Industrial cooling
• Laboratories and research
• Cleaning and maintenance of facilities and equipment
• Fire suppression systems
• Cafeterias and kitchens
• Product processing water (as an ingredient or as part of the production of a product)
• Grounds irrigation and watering
• Forestry
• Equipment sealing
• Road dust suppression

Water disposal methods:

• Tietê River (in São Paulo) 
• Reuse
• Wastewater treatment plants
• Other methods:
  • Forestry area in Bahia: bases in Alagoinhas, Inhambupe, and Entre Rios use septic tanks; the Alagoinhas base also includes an oil-water separator and conducts lab testing of effluents. Waste is collected and treated by licensed providers.
  • Forestry operations in São Paulo: supported by septic systems, with wastewater from the forestry division office directed to the municipal sewage system
  • Bahia mill: post-process water is collected and treated internally, then sent to the local utility for secondary treatment prior to discharge via ocean outfall.

Environmental impact identification:

Potential water-related impacts include:

• High water consumption
• Water pollution
• Soil erosion and sedimentation
• Greenhouse gas emissions

Approaches to identifying impacts:

• Environmental impact assessments
• Compliance assessments 
• Water risk assessments

Scope of impact assessments:

• Water consumption in operations
• Effluent discharge
• Water quality and flow monitoring
• Compliance
• Efficiency and innovation to reduce consumption

Timing of impact assessments:

• Medium-term sustainability programs
• Continuous monitoring
• Baseline assessments to identify risks and impacts

Assessment tools and methodologies:

• Industry benchmarking
• Environmental performance indicators
• Systems: Softexpert, SOGI and Survey123
• Identification and assessment of environmental aspects and impacts
• LAIA spreadsheet for documentation and control
• Laboratory testing

Impact management:

We implement measures to mitigate impacts and manage water as a shared resource:

• Water intensity reduction: maintenance and consumption monitoring.
• Erosion and siltation: road construction and maintenance according to each business unit’s procedures.
• Water availability: forestry planning to minimize water consumption in Bahia; water consumption reduction targets in nurseries.

Water-related goals and targets

• Aligned with public policy frameworks and UN SDG 6
• Reflect public policies and the local context
• Supported by stakeholder engagement, including civil society, trade associations etc.
• Based on sustainable limits and basin-level planning
• Established annually and validated by Bracell’s internal environmental assurance committee.

Suppliers assessed on social and environmental aspects are those operating directly on Bracell’s premises. Bracell is beginning to assess sustainability management practices with its suppliers. Read more in GRI 308 and 414.

(Read more about our water and effluent management practices under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents)

Our pulp production facilities are certified to ISO 14001:2015, which ensures water consumption and discharge points are systematically managed and controlled within an internal environmental management system, including consumption limits and strategies for reuse and reduction. Effluents are monitored for compliance with the discharge standards issued by the Brazilian Environmental Council (Conama 430/2011), State Decree no. 8,468/1976 and other environmental regulators.

In our water and effluent management practices, Bracell actively monitors potential environmental risks, including the contamination of surface water bodies and surrounding ecosystems due to effluent discharge. We also track actual risks, such as water stress in already vulnerable regions, which could negatively impact aquatic ecosystems and water supply for local communities. These risks are classified as having a broad geographic scope and high intensity. Bracell has internal controls in place to prevent and mitigate such risks.

None of our operations are located in areas where water discharge is legally exempt from regulation.

Effluent management in the production of kraft and dissolving pulp

To ensure compliance with certification requirements, in our São Paulo operations we have classified recipient water bodies to ensure water discharges are within specifications under our discharge permits from the Department of Water and Electrical Energy (DAEE).

We are the first company in the pulp industry in São Paulo to implement three-stage effluent treatment.

• Primary treatment: mechanical removal of fibers and inorganic compounds through solid-liquid separation

• Secondary treatment: biological treatment of organic matter using activated sludge systems to significantly reduce organic load

• Tertiary treatment: an advanced filtration or “polishing” stage to ensure effluent quality prior to discharge into the Tietê River

Tertiary effluent treatment supports high-performance removal of organic load—as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—at approximately 98% efficiency, far exceeding federal regulatory requirements (Conama Resolution 430/2011). In addition, approximately 92% of water withdrawals are returned to the Tietê River as treated effluent.

Effluent discharge limits are set in accordance with Brazilian environmental laws and standards, including Article 18 of Decree No. 8.468/1976, Article 16 of CONAMA Resolution 430/2011, the state environmental regulator’s (CETESB) Technical Reference Document, Technical Opinion 072/18/IPSE, and international eco-label standards such as Nordic Swan and the EU Ecolabel (see GRI 2-6 About Bracell for further details).

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), process water is collected post-use and pumped to Bracell’s on-site primary treatment system, which includes a sedimentation step. The organic effluent is then sent to the local utility, which performs secondary biological treatment (activated sludge), ensuring more than 95% removal of organic load. The treated effluent is then discharged into the ocean via a dedicated outfall pipeline, in compliance with Inema Ordinance No. 16.507/2018 and No. 18.841/19, Conama Resolution No. 430/2011, and other regulations issued by the relevant environmental agencies.

Effluent Management in Tissue Production (Lençóis Paulista site)

At our tissue production facility in Lençóis Paulista (São Paulo), all wastewater from paper and pulp operations is treated through a single, centralized Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). Effluent from the Bracell Papéis industrial process, along with discharges from the site’s two pulp production lines, is directed to this centralized treatment system.

Effluent management in soluble and specialty pulp production (Camaçari)

To ensure robust effluent management at our mill in Camaçari (BA), we regularly monitor physical, chemical and biological parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), a key indicator of the effluent’s organic load and the operational efficiency of the process.

This indicator is used to evaluate the performance of our wastewater treatment system, which comprises an on-site treatment plant at our Camaçari mill (BA) (settling or primary treatment) and another treatment plant operated by Cetrel, a company co-located in the Camaçari Industrial Park that is responsible for secondary treatment (activated sludge) of Bracell’s effluents.

Continuous COD monitoring ensures the primary treatment system is performing optimally. The secondary treatment stage effectively reduces organic load, though due to mixing with effluents from other industrial operators within the complex, it is not possible to measure Bracell’s isolated contribution to the final effluent discharged offshore.

Continuous monitoring of our industrial wastewater ensures our dissolving pulp production process is eco-efficient. We also use indirect methods to measure the quality of our chemical recovery system, loss of fibers from the mill process, and solid retention efficiency in the on-site primary treatment system. Cetrel ensures that the water returned to the environment meets or exceeds the quality of the water originally withdrawn from natural sources.

In our forestry operations in Bahia, no effluents are discharged into water bodies.

Our wastewater treatment system processes two primary wastewater streams:

• Organic effluents: wastewater from the mill and stormwater system containing varying amounts of byproducts from the production process. This accounts for the bulk of the effluents generated at the mill. Organic effluents are pumped to the on-site primary treatment system and then to the Cetrel-operated secondary treatment system;

• Inorganic effluents (SI): also referred to as non-contaminated wastewater, this stream is generated by the site’s stormwater system and other non-contaminated sources, such as flush water from cooling towers and heat exchangers.

Both streams are monitored in accordance with Inema Ordinances 16.507/2018 and 18.841/19. The specifications for water discharges depend on the recipient water body as outlined in the relevant federal regulations (Conama Resolution 430/2011) and requirements issued by the state environmental authority, Inema.

Effluents are collected and pumped to a wastewater treatment system comprising a preliminary treatment stage (screening and pH adjustment) and primary treatment (conventional settling and sludge removal). This process mechanically removes settable solids—essentially cellulose fibers extracted in the form of primary sludge. Following on-site treatment, the organic effluent is pumped to the Cetrel plant. Following secondary treatment, the treated effluent is discharged into the ocean via a submarine outfall.

Effluents from seedling nurseries are monitored in order to avoid alterations in soil quality. Wastewater from the washing station at our workshop in Alagoinhas (BA) is monitored to avoid alterations in effluent quality.

Effluent Management in paper production (Pombos-PE, Feira de Santana-BA, and São Gonçalo dos Campos-BA)

The effluent management systems at our Feira de Santana (BA), São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA), and Pombos (PE) mills have been designed to ensure maximum environmental efficiency and full compliance with current legislation. Each site has a different operational profile, requiring slight-specific solutions for managing the wastewater produced.

At the Feira de Santana (BA) site, where jumbo rolls are produced, the industrial process was developed as a closed-loop system, with no discharge of industrial effluents into the environment. Effluent is treated in an on-site Wastewater Treatment Plant that removes impurities to enable water reuse, reduce environmental impact, and optimize water resource efficiency.

• Preliminary treatment: the water passes through an aerated pond, which stabilizes temperature, pH, and flow rate while ensuring adequate oxygenation before the effluent enters the main treatment system.

• Primary treatment: in the primary clarifier, heavier solids settle out, and the resulting primary sludge is sent for thickening and centrifugation.

• Secondary treatment: the effluent flows to the equalization stage, which maintains flow and oxygen levels. It then moves to aeration, where aerobic bacteria break down dissolved organic matter. Next, the secondary clarifier separates the activated sludge. A portion of the sludge is returned to the aeration stage, while excess sludge is removed. The extracted sludge undergoes thickening and centrifugation. The dewatered solid fraction is sent to a licensed sanitary landfill, and the separated water is returned to the process. The clarified water flows into a cistern, where it is directed to final filtration units that remove fine particulate matter. The filtered water is then stored in a reuse tank and pumped back to the paper machines. This closed-loop system ensures high-efficiency removal of contaminants while maximizing water reuse within the industrial process.

The São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) sites produce disposable diapers and convert jumbo rolls into end products. These facilities use dry-process technology, a process that does not require water and therefore does not produce industrial effluents. As a result, only sanitary effluents (from restrooms) are generated, and these are collected in dedicated systems and periodically removed by tanker trucks. These trucks transport the material to licensed wastewater treatment plants: in São Gonçalo, to the Feira de Santana (BA) treatment plant, and in Pombos, to the Recife (PE) treatment plant.

Bracell carries out regular climate zoning studies. We use historical precipitation and temperature data to calculate evapotranspiration and soil water deficit. This helps to identify areas suitable for eucalyptus cultivation. Based on this information, technical recommendations are developed for each region, including clone allocation and fertilization.

In our São Paulo pulp operations, surface freshwater withdrawals are measured directly at licensed intake points designated for forestry operations. Additionally, groundwater withdrawn from a well at the Lençóis Paulista mill is used for seedling production in the nursery. Withdrawal volumes are recorded in an internal database that is managed in accordance with applicable regulations, covering all operational fronts. Bracell holds permits for both surface water withdrawals from the Tietê River and groundwater withdrawals from licensed wells. Bracell Papéis São Paulo does not conduct direct environmental withdrawals and instead receives water from Bracell Celulose São Paulo (refer to GRI 3-3: Management of the material topic: Water and effluents for details).

In Bahia, groundwater withdrawal is measured using telemetry-enabled water meters. Surface water withdrawals are tracked through control logs, maintained in either printed or digital (survey-based) formats. In accordance with internal procedures, all surface and groundwater withdrawal data is submitted to the environmental team, which consolidates, analyzes, and reports this information to the relevant operations managers. Bracell’s Bahia operations follow Ordinance No. 25.954/2022, which authorizes groundwater use in the Recôncavo Norte Watershed, and Inema Ordinance No. 22.181/2021, which establishes a framework for monitoring and control of water resource use in the state of Bahia.

Our Bahia forestry operations maintain a robust environmental water monitoring network, including 24 stations for monitoring surface (river) water quality, 9 stations for monitoring groundwater quality (artesian wells), 13 fixed stations for analyzing water potability (fitness for human consumption), 5 mobile stations for analyzing water potability (fitness for human consumption) at operations fronts, 37 flow metering stations at permitted surface water withdrawal points along rivers, 2 stations at locations where effluents are discharged in the ground from seedling nurseries, and 1 station where effluents are discharged into the ground from a water and oil separator.

At the headquarters of three farms in Bahia, water is also withdrawn through artesian wells. In these cases, the water is used for human consumption.  In our forestry operations in Bahia the total volume from the 49 authorized withdrawal points (both surface and groundwater) is recorded in an internal database, which is managed in compliance with applicable legislation and covers all Bracell operational fronts.

In 2025, surface water withdrawal in Bahia’s forestry operations decreased by 28% compared to the previous cycle. In our São Paulo operations, forestry withdrawals increased by 29%, while mill withdrawals increased by 3.54%.

Groundwater withdrawal decreased by 19% in Bahia’s forestry operations, while São Paulo saw a 61% increase due to the inclusion of water consumption for seedling production at the Avaí (SP) nursery. Our São Paulo mill reported a 19.71% increase, with total consumption remaining below the limit established in the current water permit. In Bahia, mill withdrawals decreased by 5.3%.

In our Paper operations, water withdrawal increased by 8% in the Southeast and decreased by 17% in the Northeast.

Bracell does not withdraw water in water-stressed areas.

Surface water withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2,198	0	2,198	29,456	0	29,456	4,811	0	4,811	64,927	0	64,927	25,351	0	25,351	18,181	0	18,181
São Paulo Pulp	309,165	0	309,165	328,484	12,947,445	13,275,929	314,537	49,223,892	49,538,429	457,789	52,016,479	52,474,269	550,327	49,972,528	50,522,855	666,463	52,248,000	52,914,462
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	19,445	19,445
Bracell	311,363	0	311,363	357,940	12,947,445	13,305,385	319,348	49,223,892	49,543,240	522,716	52,016,479	52,539,196	575,678	51,117,132	51,692,810	684,643	53,498,947	54,183,591

Surface water withdrawals (ML)  

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2	0	2	29	0	29	5	0	5	65	0	65	25	0	25	18	0	18
São Paulo Pulp	309	0	309	328	12,947	13,276	315	49,224	49,538	458	52,016	52.474	550	49,973	50,523	667	52,248	52,915
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.145	1.145	N/A	1.232	1.232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	19	19
Bracell	311	0	311	358	12,947	13,305	319	49,224	49,543	523	52,016	52,539	576	51,117	51,693	685	53,498	54,183
Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target.

Groundwater withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	889,754	14,720,841	15,610,595	872,245	14,559,672	15,431,917	851,887	15,145,471	15,997,358	874,462	15,738,831	16,613,293	827,071	15,681,068	16,508,139	656,246.40	14,845,602	15,501,848
São Paulo Pulp	282,428	6,831,882	7,114,310	395,258	7,071,663	7,466,921	405,286	6,520,494	6,925,780	556,641	4,342,162	4,898,803	486,285	4,231,181	4,717,466	801,777	5029,262	5,831,038.94
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0,00	0,00	0,00
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0,00	157,886.00	157,886.00
Bracell	889,754	14,720,841	22,724,905	1,267,503	21,631,336	22,898,838	1,257,173	21,665,965	22,923,138	1,431,103	20,080,993	21,512,096	1,313,356	20,126,433	21,439,789	1,458,024	20,032,750	21,490,773

 

Groundwater withdrawals (ML)  

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	890	14,721	15,611	872	14,560	15,432	852	15,145	15,997	874	15,739	16,613	827	15,681	16,508	656	14,846	15,502
São Paulo Pulp	282	6,832	7,114	395	7,072	7,467	405	6,520	6,926	557	4,342	4,899	486	4,231	4,717	802	5,029	5,831
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	N/A	157,856	157,856
Bracell	1,172	21,553	22,725	1,268	21,631	22,899	1,257	21,666	22,923	1,431	20,081	21,512	1,313	20,126	21,440	1,458	20,033	21,491

Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target. 

Total water withdrawal (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	891,952	14,720,841	15,612,793	901,701	14,559,672	15,461,373	856,698	15,145,471	16,002,169	939,389	15,738,831	16,678,220	852,422	15,681,068	16,533,490	674,427	14,845.602	15,520,029
São Paulo Pulp	591,593	6,831,882	7,423,475	723,742	20,019,108	20,742,850	719,823	55,744,386	56,464,209	1,014,430	56,358,642	57,373,072	1,036,612	54,203,709	55,240,321	1,468,240.01	57,277,261	58,745,501
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0	177,331	177,331
Bracell	1,483,545	21,552,723	23,036,268	1,625,443	34,578,781	36,204,224	1,576,521	70,889,856	72,466,377	1,953,819	72,097,472	74,051,291	1,889,034	71,243,565	73,132,599	2,142,667	73,531,697	75,674,364

Note 1: Bracell Papéis was established in 2023 and is reporting its environmental performance for the first time, with data from 2024. Bracell Papéis Southeast does not operate any direct water withdrawal points (surface or groundwater); instead, it uses water sourced through the Bracell pulp mill in Lençóis Paulista (SP).
Note 2: the reported water withdrawal volume for our São Paulo pulp and Southeast paper operations includes only the pulp mill’s primary sources: six licensed groundwater wells and one surface water intake on the Tietê River.
Note 3: the water withdrawal volume for our Northeast paper operation refers to the mill in Feira de Santana (BA). At the São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) sites, there are no water withdrawals as these facilities use dry processing.
Note 4: the reported water withdrawal volume for forestry operations includes licensed withdrawal points in the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, and São Paulo. All withdrawal points are monitored and managed by the Environmental Department of Bracell’s São Paulo forestry operations. Learn more about our forestry water management practices under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Total water withdrawal (ML)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	892	14,721	15,613	902	14,560	15,461	857	15,145	16,002	939	15,739	16,678	852	15,681	16,533	674	14,846	15,520
São Paulo Pulp	592	6,832	7,423	724	20,019	20,743	720	55,744	56,464	1,014	56,359	57,373	1,037	54,204	55.240	1,468	57,277	58,746
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,145	1,145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214	214	N/A	177	177
Bracell	1,484	21,553	23,036	1,625	34,579	36,204	1,577	70,890	72,466	1,954	72,097	74,051	1,889	71,244	73,133	2,143	73,532	75,675

 

Water withdrawals per metric ton of pulp produced (m3/adt)

Year	m3/adt
2020	30.04
2021	26.85
2022	20.42
2023	20.69
2024	19.2
2025	19.9

We are the first company in the pulp industry in São Paulo to implement three-stage effluent treatment.

• Primary treatment: mechanical removal of fibers and inorganic compounds through solid-liquid separation

• Secondary treatment: biological treatment of organic matter using activated sludge systems to significantly reduce organic load

• Tertiary treatment: an advanced filtration or “polishing” stage to ensure effluent quality prior to discharge into the Tietê River

Tertiary effluent treatment supports high-performance removal of organic load—as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—at approximately 98% efficiency, far exceeding federal regulatory requirements (Conama Resolution 430/2011). In addition, approximately 92% of water withdrawals are returned to the Tietê River as treated effluent.

Effluent discharge limits are set in accordance with Brazilian environmental laws and standards, including Article 18 of Decree No. 8.468/1976, Article 16 of CONAMA Resolution 430/2011, the state environmental regulator’s (CETESB) Technical Reference Document, Technical Opinion 072/18/IPSE, and international eco-label standards such as Nordic Swan and the EU Ecolabel (see GRI 2-6 About Bracell for further details).

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), process water is collected post-use and pumped to Bracell’s on-site primary treatment system, which includes a sedimentation step. The organic effluent is then sent to the local utility, which performs secondary biological treatment (activated sludge), ensuring more than 95% removal of organic load. The treated effluent is then discharged into the ocean via a dedicated outfall pipeline, in compliance with Inema Ordinance No. 16.507/2018 and No 18.841/19, Conama Resolution No. 430/2011, and other regulations issued by the relevant environmental agencies.

We consistently maintain quality standards that surpass national regulatory requirements, with especially rigorous monitoring of parameters like Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In our São Paulo operations, BOD was 1,134 mg/L and COD was 196.01 mg/L, both within the limits established by federal regulations (Conama Resolution No. 430/2011), where the BOD limit is 60%. This performance reflects the effectiveness of the tertiary treatment system built at our pulp facility.

In our Bahia operations, continuous COD monitoring ensures the primary treatment system is performing optimally. The secondary treatment stage effectively reduces organic load, though due to mixing with effluents from other industrial operators within the complex, it is not possible to measure Bracell’s isolated contribution to the final effluent discharged offshore.

Bracell did not detect harmful substances in wastewater that could cause irreversible damage to water bodies, ecosystems, or human health. To define priority discharge substances, Bracell follows the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality.

Bracell Papéis Nordeste does not discharge effluents, and Bracell Papéis Sudeste routes 100% of its effluent to the Lençóis Paulista (SP) site treatment plant. Bracell does not discharge water in areas classified as water-stressed (see more in section GRI 2-6 About Bracell).

Surface water discharges (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	0	0	0	312,800	312,800	0	153,151	153,151	0	97,615	97,615	0	142,030	142,030	0	112,710	112,710
São Paulo Pulp	0	0	0	0	15,745,505	15,745,505	0	51,451,820	51,451,820	0	49,309,676	49,309,676	0		49,760,589	0	52,588,332	52,588,332
Paper Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,225,111	1,225,111	N/A	767,533	767,533
Paper Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Bracell	0	0	0	0	16,058,305	16,058,305	0	51,604,971	51,604,971	0	49,407,291	49,407,291	0	51,127,730	51,127,730	0	53,468,575	53,468,575

Surface water discharges (ML)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	0	0	0	313	313	0	153	153	0	98	98	0	142	142	0	113	113
São Paulo Pulp	0	0	0	0	15,746	15,746	0	51,452	51,452	0	49,310	49,310	0	49,761	49,761	0	52,588	52,588
Paper Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,225	1,225	N/A	768	768
Paper Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Bracell	0	0	0	0	16,058	16,058	0	51,605	51,605	0	49,407	49,407	0	51,128	51,128	0	53,469	53,469

Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target. 

Submarine outfall discharges (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	0	0	0	12,209,740	12,209,740	0	12,601,858	12,601,858	0	13,313,281	13,313,281	0	13,197,242	13,197,242	0	12,674,562	12,674,562
São Paulo Pulp	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Paper Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Paper Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0
Bracell	0	0	0	0	12,209,740	12,209,740	0	12,601,858	12,601,858	0	13,313,281	13,313,281	0	13,197,242	13,197,242	0	12,674,562	12,674,562

Submarine outfall discharges (ML)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	0	0	0	12,210	12,210	0	12,602	12,602	0	13,313	13,313	0	13,197	13,197	0	12,675	12,675
São Paulo Pulp	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paper Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Paper Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bracell	0	0	0	0	12,210	12,210	0	12,602	12,602	0	13,313	13,313	0	13,197	13,197	0	12,675	12,675

Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target. 

Total water withdrawal (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	12,739,374	12,739,374	0	12,522,540	12,522,540	0	12,755,009	12,755,009	0	13,410,896	13,410,896	0	13,339,272	13,339,272	0	12,787,272	12,787,272
São Paulo Pulp	0	5,208,374	5,208,374	0	15,745,505	15,745,505	0	51,451,820	51,451,820	0	49,309,676	49,309,676	0	49,760,589	49,760,589	0	52,588,332	52,588,332
Paper Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	1,225,111	1,225,111	0	767,533	767,533
Paper Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bracell	0	17,947,748	17,947,748	0	28,268,045	28,268,045	0	64,206,829	64,206,829	0	62,720,572	62,720,572	0	64,324,972	64,324,972	0	66,143,138	66,143,138

Note 1: effluents from Bracell’s São Paulo pulp and Southeast paper operations are jointly treated at a single Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) located at the Lençóis Paulista site. While our Southeast paper operations do not discharge effluent directly to the environment, its entire wastewater stream is routed to the WTP, which also processes effluents from the pulp manufacturing operation. /in our mill operations in Bahia, only one effluent stream is discharged into the river, namely inorganic effluent or stormwater, which is directed to the CETREL inorganic effluent flume, where it is mixed with other inorganic effluents from the Industrial Park before being discharged into the river.
Note 2: at the Feira de Santana site (Bahia), Bracell Papéis Nordeste operates a closed-loop Wastewater Treatment Plant, which recirculates process water internally. As a result, no effluents are discharged to the environment. The same applies to the São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) units, as these facilities use dry processing.
Note 3: Bracell does not discharge effluents into groundwater.
Note 4: there is no discharge in areas of water stress.

Total water withdrawal (ML)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	127,394	127,394	0	12,523	12,523	0	12,755	12,755	0	13,411	13,411	0	13,339	13,339	0	12,787	12,787
São Paulo Pulp	0	52,084	52,084	0	15,746	15,746	0	51,452	51,452	0	49,310	49,310	0	49,761	49,761	0	52,588	52,588
Paper Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,225	1,225	N/A	768	768
Paper Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Bracell	0	179,477	179,477	0	28,268	28,268	0	64,207	64,207	0	62,721	62,721	0	64,325	64,325	0	66,143	66,143

Note 1: the data presented refers to water withdrawal volumes in megaliters (ML), in accordance to the reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also reports water data in cubic meters (m³) due to the calculation standards adopted for Bracell 2030 targets. 
Note 2: effluent volumes generated for São Paulo Pulp and Paper Southeast operations are treated jointly at the single Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) situated at the São Paulo industrial site. Although Paper Southeast operation does not have surface water discharge as Bracell pulp mill , 100% of the effluents from tissue operations are fully conveyed to the WWTP, which also receives effluents from the pulp operations. 
Note 3: in Bahia mill operations, there is a single surface water discharge, namely inorganic effluent or stormwater, which is directed to the Cetrel Industrial System (SI) channel, where it mixes with other SI effluent streams from the industrial complex before being discharged into the river. 
Note 4: Paper Northeast operates only one WWTP at the industrial unit in Feira de Santana (state of Bahia), which operates under a closed-loop system. Therefore, there is no surface or submarine effluent discharge. São Gonçalo dos Campos (state of Bahia) and Pombos (state of Pernambuco) sites follows the same dry process. 
Note 5: Bracell does not discharge effluents into groundwater. 
Note 6: there are no effluent discharges in water-stressed areas.

 

Total water consumption (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	2,873,420	2,873,420	901,701	2,037,132	2,938,833	856,698	2,390,462	3,247,160	939,389	2,327,934	3,267,323	852,422	2,341,796	3,194,218	691,582	2,171,040	2,862,622
São Paulo Pulp	0	1,734,762	1,734,762	723,742	4,273,603	4,997,345	719,823	4,292,566	5,012,389	1,014,430	7,048,965	8,063,396	1,023,525	4,443,120	5,466,645	1,4698,599	4,668,929	6,157,528
Papéis Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	-80,507	-80,507	N/A	463,970	463,970
Papéis Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	177,301178,308	177,301178,308
Bracell	0	4,608,182	4,608,182	1,625,443	6,310,735	7,936,179	1,576,521	6,683,028	8,259,549	1,953,819	9,376,900	11,330,719	1,875,947	6,704,409	8,580,356	2,160,181	7,501,2397,502,246	9,661,4209,662,427

Total water consumption (ML)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	0	2,873	2,873	902	2,037	2,939	857	2,390	3,247	939	2,328	3,267	852	2,342	3,194	672	2,058	2,732
São Paulo Pulp	0	1,735	1,735	724	4,274	4,997	720	4,293	5,012	1,014	7,049	8,063	1,024	4,443	5,467	1,468	4,669	6,157
Papéis Southeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	-81	-81	N/A	464	463
Papéis Northeast	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	177	177
Bracell	0	4,608	4,608	1,625	6,311	7,936	1,577	6,683	8,260	1,954	9,377	11,331	1,876	6,704	8,580	2,143	7,388	9,531

Note 1: the data presented refers to water withdrawal volumes in megaliters (ML), in accordance to the reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also reports water data in cubic meters (m³) due to the calculation standards adopted for Bracell 2030 targets. 
Note 2: calculation for water considers the difference between the volume of water withdrawn and the volume of effluents discharged. 
Note 3: the negative water consumption reported for Tissue Southeast for 2024 is due to a significant portion of the water use from wet pulp, which is not recorded as water withdrawal. Part of this water evaporates or remains in the final product and is therefore not considered in the withdrawal calculation, whereas the effluent volume may include this water, resulting in effluent discharge volumes exceeding water withdrawal. 

The reported water withdrawal volume for the São Paulo Celulose and Papéis Sudeste operations includes only the pulp mill’s primary sources: six licensed groundwater wells and one surface water intake on the Tietê River.

The total water withdrawal volume for our Bahia Pulp operations includes exclusively the primary sources at the pulp mill: eleven groundwater wells.

Bracell Papéis was established in 2023 and reported its environmental performance for the first time in 2024. Bracell Papéis Sudeste does not operate any direct water withdrawal points (surface or groundwater); instead, it uses water sourced through the Bracell Pulp production site.

The water withdrawal volume for the Papéis Nordeste operation refers to our mills in Feira de Santana (BA). At the São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) sites, there are no water withdrawals as these facilities use dry processing.

Bracell does not withdraw water in water-stressed areas.

Learn more about Bracell’s risk assessment methodology under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Surface water withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2,198	0	2,198	29,456	0	29,456	4,811	0	4,811	64,927	0	64,927	25,351	0	25,351	18,181	0	18,181
São Paulo Pulp	309,165	0	309,165	328,484	12,947,445	13,275,929	314,537	49,223,892	49,538,429	457,789	52,016,479	52,474,269	550,327	49,972,528	50,522,855	666,462.80	52,248,000	52,914,462
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	19,445	19,445
Bracell	311,363	0	311,363	357,940	12,947,445	13,305,385	319,348	49,223,892	49,543,240	522,716	52,016,479	52,539,196	575,678	51,117,132	51,692,810	684,643	53,498,947	54,183,591

Surface water withdrawals (ML)
Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2	0	2	29	0	29	5	0	5	65	0	65	25	0	25	18	0	18
São Paulo Pulp	309	0	309	328	12,947	13,276	315	49,224	49,538	458	52,016	52,474	550	49,973	50,523	667	52,248	52,915
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,145	1,145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	19	19
Bracell	311	0	311	358	12,947	13,305	319	49,224	49,543	523	52,016	52,539	576	51,117	51,693	685	53,499	54,184

Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target. 

Groundwater withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	889,754	14,720,841	15,610,595	872,245	14,559,672	15,431,917	851,887	15,145,471	15,997,358	874,462	15,738,831	16,613,293	827,071	15,681,068	16,508,139	65,246.4	14,845,602	15,501,848
São Paulo Pulp	282,428	6,831,882	7,114,310	395,258	7,071,663	7,466,921	405,286	6,520,494	6,925,780	556,641	4,342,162	4,898,803	486,285	4,231,181	4,717,466	801,777	5,029,262	5,831,038.94
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0,00	0,00	0,00
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0,00	157,886.479	157,886.48
Bracell	889,754	14,720,841	22,724,905	1,267,503	21,631,336	22,898,838	1,257,173	21,665,965	22,923,138	1,431,103	20,080,993	21,512,096	1,313,356	20,126,433	21,439,789	1,458,024	20,032,750	21,490,774

Groundwater withdrawals (ML)
Operação	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total
Bahia Pulp	890	14,721	15,611	872	14,560	15,432	852	15,145	15,997	874	15,739	16,613	827	15,681	16,508	656	14,846	15,502
São Paulo Pulp	282	6,832	7,114	395	7,072	7,467	405	6,520	6,926	557	4,342	4,899	486	4,231	4,717	802	5,029	5,831
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214.184	214.18	N/A	157.886	157.886
Bracell	1,172	21,553	22,725	1,268	21,631	22,899	1,257	21,666	22,923	1,431	20,081	21,512	1,313	19,912	21,226	1,458	20,032	21,490

Total water withdrawal (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	891,952	14,720,841	15,612,793	901,701	14,559,672	15,461,373	856,698	15,145,471	16,002,169	939,389	15,738,831	16,678,220	852,422	15,681,068	16,533,490	674,427	14,845,602	15,520,029
São Paulo Pulp	591,593	6,831,882	7,423,475	723,742	20,019,108	20,742,850	719,823	55,744,386	56,464,209	1,014,430	56,358,642	57,373,072	1,036,612	54,203,709	55,240,321	1,468,240,01	57,277,261	58,745,501
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0	177,331	177,331
Bracell	1,483,545	21,552,723	23,036,268	1,625,443	34,578,781	36,204,224	1,576,521	70,889,856	72,466,377	1,953,819	72,097,472	74,051,291	1,889,034	71,243,565	73,132,599	2,142,667	73,531,697	75,674,364

Total water withdrawal (ML)
Operação	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	892	14,721	15,613	902	14,560	15,461	857	15,145	16,002	939	15,739	16,678	852	15,681	16,533	674	14,846	15,520
São Paulo Pulp	592	6,832	7,423	724	20,019	20,743	720	55,744	56,464	1.014	56,359	57,373	1,037	54,204	55,240	1,469	57,277	58,746
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.145	1.145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214	214	N/A	177	177
Bracell	1,484	21,553	23,036	1,625	34,579	36,204	1,577	70,890	72,466	1,954	72,097	74,051	1,889	71,244	73,133	2,143	73,531	75,674

Note 1: the data presented refers to water withdrawal volumes in megaliters (ML), in accordance to the reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. In the other tables, volumes are also presented in cubic meters (m³) due to the calculation standards adopted for Bracell 2030 targets.

Note 2: in 2023, Paper Southeast mill started operating. In 2025, Bracell started reporting sustainability performance disclosure (2024 performance) for tissue operations. Paper Southeast operation does not have its own water abstraction points (surface or groundwater), using water already withdrawn by Bracell’s industrial site in Lençóis Paulista (SP), where pulp production takes place. 

Note 3: the water withdrawal volumes for São Paulo Pulp and Tissue Southeast operations consider exclusively the primary sources of the pulp mill, namely: six groundwater wells and one surface water abstraction from the Tietê River. 

Note 4: the water withdrawal volume for the Paper Northeast operation considers the industrial unit situated in Feira de Santana (state of Bahia). At the sites of São Gonçalo dos Campos (state of Bahia) and Pombos (state of Pernambuco). There is no water withdrawal, as the industrial processes employed are considered dry processes.

Note 5: the water withdrawal volume for forestry operations encompasses water abstraction from officially licensed (permitted) abstraction points located in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná, in addition to the state of São Paulo. All licensed abstraction points are subject to systematic control and monitoring by the Forestry Environmental Department of Bracell São Paulo Pulp. Further details on forestry water management practices are disclosed under GRI 3-3 – Management of the material topic Water and Effluents.

Bracell operates pulp production facilities in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia) and the Lençóis Paulista Industrial Park (São Paulo), along with Tissue manufacturing facilities in Lençóis Paulista (SP), Pombos (PE), Feira de Santana (BA), and São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA). Our pulp business also includes forestry operations—from planting through harvesting—in the states of Bahia, São Paulo, and Sergipe.

Water and effluent management is a material topic for Bracell. Our management practices include clearly defined reduction targets for water use in pulp production, as well as policies and initiatives to protect water resources and preserve regional watersheds. We have set targets to improve operational water efficiency, mitigate water availability risks and impacts, and optimize effluent management practices.

We monitor and control water withdrawal, discharge, and consumption across both our mill and forestry operations. Our Integrated Management System comprises corporate policies, standard operating procedures, and risk, aspect and impact matrixes. These policies and procedures comply with the requirements of ISO 14001, ISO 9001, Forestry Certification Endorsement Program (PEFC) certification requirements, applicable Brazilian legislation, regulatory standards and international sustainability management protocols.

The Environmental and Certification teams in our forestry and mill operations manage our Integrated Management System. These teams report annually to their respective General Operations Managers on continuous improvement in environmental performance and certification compliance.

The consequence of water scarcity risk is considered high, regardless of the plant’s location or the source of water withdrawals, whether groundwater or surface water. The variation in risk levels is driven by the likelihood of water scarcity, which may differ according to the edaphoclimatic conditions—relating to soil and climate—of the region where the plant operates.

Regarding discharge-related risks, these vary depending on factors that may increase or reduce the level of contamination in the recipient water body, as well as on the specific processes existing in each mill. Risks associated with water withdrawal and effluent discharge have been mapped, or are planned to be mapped, across all Bracell operations in Brazil, in line with the risk assessment methodology referenced under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Bracell Camaçari (BA) is a member of the Water Resources Management Plan (PGRH) of the Camaçari Industrial Park, lead by CETREL, which establishes requirements and guidelines for monitoring groundwater and surface water quality within the facility. Ongoing assessments are conducted under this framework to support the mitigation of water management risks in the region. According to the most recent water zoning study conducted by CETREL, two of Bracell Camaçari’s eleven wells are located in an area subject to restrictions on groundwater withdrawal due to contamination risk. Although no evidence of contamination has been identified in these wells, the phreatic portion of the aquifer is affected by contaminants and, despite groundwater withdrawals occurring from confined layers, there remains some degree of vulnerability to pollution. Appropriate steps have already been agreed on with the CETREL team. The remaining wells are located in areas classified as groundwater extraction control zones. 

As part of Bracell 2030, our sustainability roadmap, we have set a target for improving water efficiency in our mill processes. By 2030, we aim to achieve a 47% reduction in water intensity per metric ton of pulp produced, reaching 16.6 m³/adt. In 2025, our water intensity stood at 19.9 m³/adt, in line with our target for the year.

In our forestry operations, eucalyptus planting is informed by a climate zoning study conducted by our Forest R&D team. This study analyzes historical climate data such as precipitation, temperature, and latitude. Based on collected data, land with greater water availability may be recommended (read more about our management approach in Climate Action).

We are actively engaged in reducing the use of harmful chemicals and inorganic fertilizers in our forestry operations, which can contaminate soil and water resources. In line with international conventions, including the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, we are phasing out sulfluramid and exploring safer alternatives for managing leaf-cutting ants. Our teams participate in collaborative research programs and conduct in-house testing to identify safer substitutes.

To further reduce synthetic fertilizer use, Bracell is exploring the application of organomineral fertilizers produced from organic waste generated by our own facilities. A composting plant feasibility study is currently underway. In 2024, we also began producing potassium sulfate from an effluent stream in our pulp production process, reducing our reliance on imported potassium chloride.

List of chemicals used

Category	Active ingredient
Fungicide	Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole
Fungicide	Mancozeb + Azoxystrobin
Fungicide	Metconazole
Fungicide	Pyraclostrobin
Fungicide	Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin
Herbicide	Flumioxazin
Herbicide	Fluroxypyr + Triclopyr
Herbicide	Glyphosate
Herbicide	Haloxyfop
Herbicide	Haloxyfop + Clethodim
Herbicide	Indaziflam
Herbicide	Isoxaflutole
Herbicide	Oxyfluorfen
Herbicide	Saflufenacil
Herbicide	Sulfentrazone
Herbicide	Triclopyr
Insecticide	Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Alpha-cypermethrin
Insecticide	Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Deltamethrin
Insecticide	Fipronil
Insecticide	Imidacloprid
Insecticide	Isocycloseram
Insecticide	Sulfluramid
Insecticide	Thiamethoxam

Water withdrawal management

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia), water is withdrawn from 11 groundwater wells located near the plant within the Recôncavo Norte Watershed. These withdrawals are made under a permit from the Bahia State Environmental Agency (Inema). We also withdraw groundwater at our Bracell Papéis plant in the Northeast, in Feira de Santana (BA), via 14 deep cased wells operating under a permit issued by Inema. The wells are continuously monitored for flow rate, water table levels, and hydro accordance with regulations.

At our Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, water is sourced from six deep cased wells and surface water drawn from the Tietê River, at an intake 22 km from the mill. The site also has a system to collect rainwater. We additionally operate groundwater withdrawal systems at two nurseries in São Paulo: one in Lençóis Paulista and another in Avaí.

Our forestry operations, which supply raw material to both the Camaçari and Lençóis Paulista mills, similarly withdraw both surface and groundwater. Across all operations, our water withdrawal points are distributed as follows: 37 in Bahia, 338 in São Paulo, 44 in Minas Gerais, 7 in Paraná, and 4 in Goiás. All withdrawals are made under permits issued by the respective environmental authorities. Withdrawal points are periodically monitored in accordance with license requirements (learn more under GRI 303-3 Water withdrawal).

In Bahia, we withdraw surface water from six major rivers: Pojuca, Subaúma, Itariri, Inhambupe, Sauípe and Imbassaí. In São Paulo, withdrawals are made from 10 designated Water Resource Management Units (UGRHIs): Aguapeí, Peixe, Upper Paranapanema, Middle Paranapanema, Pontal do Paranapanema, Tietê Batalha, Tietê Jacaré, Tietê Sorocaba, Piracicaba/Capivari/Jundiaí, and Mogi-Guaçu. In Minas Gerais, our water sources include Ribeirão da Onça, Ribeirão Jacurutu and its tributaries, Rio do Peixe, Córrego Sobrado, and Rio Jequitaí. In Paraná, water is withdrawn from Ribeirão Jundiaí. In Goiás, water is withdrawn from a tributary of the Rio Corrente.

We evaluate potential impacts on water resources using an impact matrix that accounts for the scale and intensity of forestry activities. Based on this analysis, we implement preventive and mitigation measures as needed. Regular water quality assessments are conducted to evaluate the effects of our forestry operations. As of 2025, the results indicate no adverse impacts.

Water Resources Monitoring Program

Our Water Resource Monitoring Plan tracks withdrawal volumes to ensure compliance with permit requirements and licensing covenants issued by environmental authorities.

Water management in the Camaçari Industrial Park is overseen by an independent firm that monitors both water availability and quality. The district’s Water Resources Management Plan includes risk assessments and action plans for 100% of tenants (read more about effluent management under GRI 303-4 Water discharge).

Bracell protects natural watercourses with vegetated buffer zones. We use official data from the Rural Environmental Register (CAR) to georeference information about the farms we manage. In our geographic information system, we intersect this data with other data sets, such as those compiled in our protected areas and buffer zones. This informs our operational procedures on each property, depending on the constraints and conditions set in management plans (read more in Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity).

Consumption management

Our facilities use partially closed-loop water systems that support water recycling throughout the production process, minimizing freshwater withdrawals.

At our new Tissue facility in Lençóis Paulista (SP), water used in manufacturing is extracted directly from the pulp, purified within the process, and then reused. This reduces water intake and enhances overall water efficiency.

At Bracell Papéis Nordeste, in Feira de Santana (BA), wastewater is recovered after treatment and returned to the process, further reducing fresh water consumption. This facility is designed as a fully closed loop, with 100% of process water recycled (read more about the sustainability attributes of our operations under GRI 2-6 About Bracell).

In our nurseries, water is primarily used for seedling irrigation. In Bahia, there are also areas of planted eucalyptus forests. Excess irrigation water is directed to drainage systems, infiltrating the soil in the eucalyptus stands. In our forestry operations, water serves various purposes, including seedling watering, preparation of chemical treatment mixtures, firefighting, dust suppression and maintenance of service roads, and equipment cleaning.

In Bahia, Bracell collaborates with public agencies and local communities to help ensure water availability. Monitoring is conducted by an independent firm based in the Camaçari industrial park, which identifies potential risks and implements corrective action (see GRI 303-2 Management of water discharge-related impacts for additional information).

To ensure responsible and compliant water consumption, we conduct regular environmental monitoring across our forestry and mill sites in São Paulo and Bahia. This monitoring is performed by laboratories accredited under NBR ISO/IEC 17025 and includes assessments of both groundwater and surface water quality, as well as potability testing for human consumption, ensuring compliance with applicable regulations.

Effluent management and discharge

Our pulp production facilities are certified to ISO 14001:2015, which ensures water consumption and discharge points are systematically managed and controlled within an internal environmental management system, including consumption limits and strategies for reuse and reduction.

We are the first company in the pulp industry in São Paulo to implement three-stage effluent treatment.

Primary treatment: mechanical removal of fibers and inorganic compounds through solid-liquid separation

Secondary treatment: biological treatment of organic matter using activated sludge systems to significantly reduce organic load

Tertiary treatment: final polishing of the treated effluent through a chemical flotation system, ensuring it meets appropriate quality standards before it is returned to the Tietê River.

Tertiary effluent treatment supports high-performance removal of organic load—as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—at approximately 98% efficiency, far exceeding federal regulatory requirements (Conama Resolution 430/2011). In addition, approximately 92% of water withdrawals are returned to the Tietê River as treated effluent.

Effluent discharge limits are set in accordance with Brazilian environmental laws and standards, including Article 18 of Decree No. 8.468/1976, Article 16 of CONAMA Resolution 430/2011, the state environmental regulator’s (CETESB) Technical Reference Document, Technical Opinion 072/18/IPSE, and international eco-label standards such as Nordic Swan and the EU Ecolabel (see GRI 2-6 About Bracell for further details).

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), process water is collected post-use and pumped to Bracell’s on-site primary treatment system, which includes a sedimentation step. The organic effluent is then sent to the local utility, which performs secondary biological treatment (activated sludge), ensuring more than 95% removal of organic load. The treated effluent is then discharged into the Atlantic Ocean through a submarine outfall, in compliance with CONAMA Resolution 430/2011 and the guidelines of the Bahia state environmental authority (INEMA).

We consistently maintain quality standards that surpass national regulatory requirements, with especially rigorous monitoring of parameters like BOD and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

At our operations in São Paulo, BOD levels are approximately 98% above the threshold required by federal regulations (Conama Resolution No. 430/2011), reflecting the efficiency of our exclusive tertiary treatment system.

In our Bahia operations, regular COD monitoring ensures the primary treatment system is performing optimally. The secondary treatment stage effectively reduces organic load, though due to mixing with effluents from other industrial operators within the complex, it is not possible to measure Bracell’s isolated contribution to the final effluent discharged offshore.

In November 2025, we implemented a new washing system at our Bahia pulp mill. This upgrade is expected to positively impact effluent COD levels, with results anticipated from 2026 onward.