Emissions (tCO2e)	2023	2024	2025
Scopes 1 and 2	0.174	0.208	0.255

In 2025, emissions increased by 10%. This rise is associated with higher emissions from both mobile and stationary combustion categories.

The increase in stationary emissions is linked to higher consumption of fossil fuels at the plant, while mobile emissions are associated with increased distances traveled in wood transportation.

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory is prepared in accordance with the latest guidelines of ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1, the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program, and the quantification methodologies established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Operating site	Total emissions 2023 (tCO2e)	Total emissions 2024 (tCO2e)	Total emissions 2025 (tCO2e)	Reduction in emissions (tCO2e)
São Paulo Pulp	1,204,383.06	1,235,985.47	1,256,335.44	20,351.05
Bahia Pulp	367,239.46	357,234.41	394,822.92	36,930.30
Southeast Paper Operations	–	–	14,099.03	14,099.03
Northeast Paper Operations	–	–	89,560.30	89,560.30
Mato Grosso do Sul Forestry	–	123,095.97	134,008.97	10,913.00
Total	1,701,669.08	1,716,315.84	1,888,826,658.00	171,853,686.00

 

Among ozone-depleting substances (ODS), Bracell emitted a total of 4,890.11 tCO₂e in 2025, including HCFC-22 and HCFC-141b.

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory is prepared in accordance with the latest guidelines of ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1, the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program and IPCC quantification methodologies.

Operating site	2023			2024			2025
	HCFC-22 (tCO2e)	HCFC-141b (tCO2e)	Total (tCO2e)	HCFC-22 (tCO2e)	HCFC-141b (tCO2e)	Total (tCO2e)	HCFC-22 (tCO2e)	HCFC-141b (tCO2e)	Total (tCO2e)
São Paulo Pulp	1.795,20	10,64	1.805,84	3.498,18	92,28	3.590,46	756,80	4.692	5.448,80
Bahia Pulp	538,28	0,00	538,28	1.299,65	0,00	1.299,65	4.082,14	0,00	4.082,14
Southeast Paper	–	–	–	–	–	–	0,00	0,00	0,00
Northeast Paper	–	–	–	–	–	–	0,00	0,00	0,00
Mato Grosso do Sul Forestry	–	–	–	–	–	–	31,68	0,00	31,68
Bracell	2.333,48	10,64	2.344,12	4.797,83	92,28	4.890,11	4.870,26	4.692,00	9.562,62

Note: when these substances reach the stratosphere, they degrade ozone, which acts as a shield against the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Controlling these emissions is essential to safeguard life on Earth and mitigate global environmental imbalances.

Total emissions across the organization – operational control approach

Scope	Gas	2023		2024		2025
		In Gas Tonnes (t)	In metric tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e)	In Gas Tonnes (t)	In metric tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e)	In Gas Tonnes (t)	In metric tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e)
Scope 1	CO2	491.508,77	491.508,77	561.224,17	561.224,17	777.645,307	777.645,30
	CH4	433,48	12.137,29	1.919,79	53.782,94	969,01	27.132,31
	N2O	334,36	88.606,19	291,54	104.422,94	619,16	164.078,54
	HFC-32	0,00	0,00	2,91	1.970,24	0,94	633,47
	HFC-125	0,00	0,00	2,91	9.242,76	0,94	2.976,25
	HFC-134a	0,00	0,00	0,55	719,22	2,73	3.555,02
	HFC-152a	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,46	0,00	0,00
	SF6	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,05	0,00	0,00
Total Scope 1		492.280,60	597.451,49	551.283,74	692.013,28	779.238,08	976.020,89
Scope 2	CO2	9.611,20	9.611,20	13.213,63	13.213,63	23.917,20	23.917,20
Total Scope 2		9.611,20	9.611,20	13.213,63	13.213,63	23.917,20	23.917,20
Scope 3	CO2	1.035.677,11	1.035.677,11	910.252,13	910.252,13	847.425,94	847.425,94
	CH4	1.504,97	42.138,76	947,31	26.218,61	654,06	18.313,71
	N2O	63,35	16.787,53	140,08	35.268,67	87,35	9.611,20
Total Scope 3		1.037.245,42	16.787,53	911.339,52	971.739,41	848.167,36	888.888,57

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other significant air emissions

Substance	Site	Bahia Pulp			São Paulo Pulp			Bracell
		2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025
NOX	t	451.93	448.42	384.55	2,847.74	3,131.48	2,933.80	3,299.64	3,579.90	3,318.35
SOX	t	30.47	39.65	40.27	139.89	59.05	55.13	170.36	98.70	95.40
MP	t	197.30	199.99	220.60	643.26	473.22	433.27	840.56	673.21	653.87
TRS	t	2.70	12.57	16.12	43.04	30.93	93.00	45.74	43.50	109.12

Notas: 1. The calculation of emissions was carried out through direct measurement using continuous analyzers installed on the production line. All reported values are expressed in t/year.

2. In the state of São Paulo, Bracell’s atmospheric emissions were calculated based on the emission factors provided by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (Cetesb, in Portuguese). The methodology adopted followed Board Decision No. 10/2010/P of January 12, 2010.

3. In the state of Bahia, the methodology used followed the guidelines of Ordinance No. 18.841, dated August 3, 2019, specifically regarding the maintenance of the atmospheric emissions monitoring plan to ensure compliance with daily average standards, covering TRS, PM, SOx, and NOx. The provisions of Conama Resolution No. 382, dated December 26, 2006, were also followed.

4. As Bracell’s operations do not involve processes that result in the significant emission of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), we do not conduct monitoring of these pollutants.

5. Due to the materiality of the topic, the Company began reporting the data in 2023, including emissions of NOx, SO₂, and particulate matter.

6. The data include disclosures as part of the EU Ecolabel and Nordic Swan schemes for kraft pulp.

7. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) are among the most critical air pollutants due to their direct and indirect impacts on the climate and human health. These pollutants are primarily generated from the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes. They affect the environment and human health by contributing to the formation of acid rain, which damages ecosystems and infrastructure, and by increasing the occurrence of respiratory problems. Therefore, they reinforce the need for controlling and reducing their emissions to mitigate their impacts.

Our waste management procedures align with the Brazilian National Waste Management Policy (PNRS). We ensure compliance at all times with our Environmental Policy and Waste Management Plan (PGRS). Waste is among the KPIs that are tracked within our Integrated Management System. This KPI is regularly communicated to employees throughout the year to track performance.

In our forestry operations in Bahia, procurement and warehouse processes fully support the seedling production, planting, support, harvesting and logistics stages. With planted forests as this business unit’s final product, loading and transportation activities—positioned downstream in the value chain—have the potential to generate Class I (Hazardous) waste. These waste streams are managed, from storage to final disposal, strictly in accordance with procedure PR.FLO.016 and applicable laws and regulations.

Bracell’s approach to waste management is based on three circular economy principles:

• Reduce waste volumes generated in the process

• Re-utilize materials whenever possible

• Recycle waste in partnership with third parties where waste reduction or reuse is not possible

We are implementing practices aligned with circular economy principles, transforming our value chain and production processes to minimize environmental impacts. As part of these practices, industrial waste management systems are designed to support:

• Eco-efficiency: minimizing waste generation through optimized production processes.

• Waste recovery: transforming byproducts into inputs for other value chains, such as biomass-derived fuels, soil amendments, and organic fertilizers.

• A circular value chain: recycling waste back into the production process through resource recovery and closed-loop processes.

We generate waste throughout the pulp and paper manufacturing processes, as well as in our forestry operations (see GRI 306-3: Waste generated for data on waste generation by type and operation).

In our forestry operations, we leave post-harvest eucalyptus residues—such as bark, branches, and leaves—on plantation areas to increase organic matter in the soil. Pulpwood sent to the mill also generates residues such as bark, branches, leaves, sawdust, and debarking waste. All processes are supported by Environmental Aspects and Impacts Assessment spreadsheets (LAIAs), which include assessments of waste generation.

The pulp manufacturing process produces three inorganic waste streams: dregs, grits and lime mud. Dregs and grits are generated during the chemical recovery stage, specifically in the green liquor clarification and lime calcination processes, respectively. Lime mud is produced during the causticizing process, when the chemical reaction regenerates lime used in the recovery cycle. 

Bracell continuously pursues alternatives to reduce the production of these materials and expand sustainable solutions, in line with our commitment to advancing the circular economy and responsible waste management (read more under GRI 306-4: Waste diverted from disposal and GRI 306-5: Waste directed to disposal).

Tests are underway to evaluate the use of dregs, grits and other waste materials in the construction of service roads and as materials for building and construction applications.

At our Northeast paper mill in Feira de Santana (BA), several initiatives are being implemented, including the installation of drying and drainage boxes for sludge prior to landfill disposal. Additional initiatives at this facility include testing the use of sludge residues in our forestry operations in Bahia and using waste as a fuel source for steam generation in the biomass boiler (read more under GRI 306-5: Waste directed to disposal).

During the year, we implemented process and infrastructure improvements to reduce waste generation and improve waste management practices.

In addition, the R&D department is advancing two major projects focused on the reuse of industrial by-products:

• Potassium sulfate plant: in 2025, a facility was built to produce potassium sulfate from a residue generated at the São Paulo mill, which will be used as a forestry fertilizer.
• New uses for waste materials: Tests are underway to evaluate the use of dregs, grits and other waste materials in the construction of service roads and as materials for building and construction applications.

At our Northeast paper mill in Feira de Santana (BA), several initiatives are being implemented, including the installation of drying and drainage boxes for sludge prior to landfill disposal. Additional initiatives at this facility include testing the use of sludge residues in our forestry operations in Bahia.

Our Bracell 2030 roadmap includes a landfill waste reduction target

In pulp production, our target is to reduce landfilling of Class II industrial waste by 90% per metric ton of product by 2030, reaching 5 kg/adt.

In 2025, we reached 33.1 kg/adt of waste sent to landfills per metric ton of pulp produced.

We have also set a target to reach 97% recovery of caustic soda (NaOH) and quicklime (CaO) in pulp production.

Potential impacts associated with waste materials generated in our pulp production process include the use of land for landfills. To minimize potential land-use impacts, Bracell seeks to reduce the amount of waste it generates in its operations through practices to improve eco-efficiency.

At Bracell, waste management practices follow stringent standards and are carried out in an organized and transparent manner. The entire process—from segregation to transportation—is compliant with applicable legislation and with our Waste Management Plan (PGRS). As safety and prevention safeguards, we complete environmental checklists and maintain emergency response kits available during equipment maintenance activities. In addition, we continuously work to reduce waste generation by implementing circular economy practices.

At the São Paulo mill, for example, we work with external firms to convert waste into useful products, such as agricultural soil amendments and organic compounds. This provides a sustainable application for waste materials and helps reduce impacts, even as production increases year after year.

At our Lençóis Paulista (SP) mill, waste is weighed daily using an on-site weigh bridge. Each transport operation is properly documented through a Waste Waybill (MTR), with information entered into the State Online Solid Waste Management System (SIGOR). The data are consolidated monthly, supporting the compilation of environmental indicators and management and regulatory reports, including our Sustainability Report and regulatory filings mandated by the state environmental regulator, Cetesb. Waste is classified according to type and disposal method, in compliance with standards issued by the federal environmental regulator, Ibama.

At the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), waste is collected at its source and directed either to internal temporary storage or to an internal industrial landfill. Each movement is recorded, using a conversion factor to estimate weight from volume. All external transport is documented through the waste waybill system. These data are consolidated monthly, generating environmental indicators and reports, including our Sustainability Report and regulatory filings required by the state environmental regulator, INEMA. Waste is classified by type and destination, also in accordance with environmental regulations.

At the Feira de Santana (BA) mill, waste streams are managed using spreadsheets that record invoice numbers, weights and waste values. Monitoring is done monthly and is site-specific, and all waste leaves the plant with an issued waste waybill for traceability. In addition, a Waste Management Plan is kept up to date as a key management tool.

Through these practices, we deliver on our commitment to sustainability by ensuring that each stage of the process is safe, transparent and focused on reducing environmental impacts.

At the Bracell Papéis Sudeste facility, located at the Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, most of the waste generated consists of recyclable materials such as paper, cardboard, plastic, metal, and wood. Data related to waste generation, transport and disposal, as well as the respective Waste Waybills, are properly recorded and managed within internal environmental management systems.

Recyclable waste is sold and sent to licensed partner firms, ensuring it is recycled back into the value chain in accordance with circular economy principles. Currently, more than 90% of the waste generated at the facility is recyclable, demonstrating the operation’s strong environmental performance.

In addition to environmental benefits, this management approach also drives positive social impacts by strengthening the recycling value chain, generating income for partner companies and cooperatives, and encouraging sustainable practices among employees and the local community, supporting Bracell’s commitment to sustainability, social and environmental responsibility, and ESG principles.

In line with the principles of reduction, reuse, and recycling, we have implemented several initiatives in our operations, such as:

Woodchip preparation

Appropriate clone selection and forest management and harvesting techniques help to ensure that our pulpwood logs have minimal bark and can be optimally used in production. This reduces waste in the woodchip preparation stage and the screener stage of the fiber line.

Repurposing bark and sawdust

Eucalyptus bark and sawdust are used as biomass in boilers for steam production. In this process, they also generate energy and help replace fossil fuels, such as natural gas. Excess waste from energy generation, when caused by equipment downtime, is sent to external partners for energy recovery or used in the rehabilitation of degraded land.

Use of lime mud

Lime mud, generated during kiln start-up and shutdown, is recovered in the production process or, when it cannot be diluted in the chemical recovery system, is sent to external partners for the production of soil amendments. In 2025, a small portion was disposed of in landfills

During the year, we implemented process and infrastructure improvements to reduce waste generation and improve waste management practices.

In our Bahia operations, construction of three new waste storage facilities is underway to enhance storage structure, improve handling, and support reuse processes. In addition, we developed a solution for waste sludge, knots and eucalyptus bark, which are mixed and used as organic compost to restore degraded forest areas. Due to its success, this initiative has now been incorporated into our routine operations.

In addition, the R&D department is advancing two major projects focused on the reuse of industrial by-products:

• Potassium sulfate plant: in 2025, a facility was built to produce potassium sulfate from a residue generated at the São Paulo mill, which will be used as a forestry fertilizer.
• New uses for waste materials: Tests are underway to evaluate the use of dregs, grits and other waste materials in the construction of service roads and as materials for building and construction applications.

At our Northeast paper mill in Feira de Santana (BA), several initiatives are being implemented, including the installation of drying and drainage boxes for sludge prior to landfill disposal. Additional initiatives at this facility include testing the use of sludge residues in our forestry operations in Bahia.

Learn more about our Waste Recovery Procedures under GRI 306-1 Waste generation and significant waste-related impacts.

Waste generation – Pulp segment

São Paulo Mill  2025

Classification	Category	Volume generated (t)
Absorbents, filter materials, cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated by hazardous substances	Hazardous waste	262.92
Packaging of any of the aforementioned types containing, or contaminated by, residues of hazardous substances	Hazardous waste	55.47
Used or contaminated oil from engines, transmissions and lubrication	Hazardous waste	159.46
Batteries and accumulators covered under 16 06 01 (*) or 16 06 03 (*), and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing these types of batteries or accumulators	Hazardous waste	24.95
Aluminum (Class B according to CONAMA Resolution 307/02)	Nonhazardous waste	10.43
Class B – Recyclable wastes intended for alternative destinations, including plastics, paper, cardboard, metals, glass, wood, empty architectural paint packaging, and gypsum. Classified as Class B under CONAMA Resolution 307/2002. This category comprises waste codes 170201, 170202, 170203, 170401, 170402, 170403, 170404, 170405, 170406, 170407, 170411, 170412, 170413, and 170802, as defined by IBAMA Normative Instruction 13/2012.	Nonhazardous waste	259.62
Paper and cardboard packaging	Nonhazardous waste	3.83
Plastic packaging materials	Nonhazardous waste	236.15
Iron and steel, classified as Class B recyclable waste according to CONAMA Resolution 307/2002	Nonhazardous waste	998.52
Sludge generated from local wastewater treatment operations that is not included under waste code 03 03 10	Nonhazardous waste	66,158.13
Wood, classified as Class B under CONAMA Resolution 307/2002	Nonhazardous waste	245.99
Mixed packaging materials	Nonhazardous waste	3.85
Mixed construction and demolition waste not classified under waste codes 17 09 01 (*), 17 09 02 (*), or 17 09 03 (*), classified as Class A in accordance with CONAMA Resolution 307/2002	Nonhazardous waste	1,190.19
Other waste fractions not previously specified	Nonhazardous waste	804.46
Other wastes not previously specified	Nonhazardous waste	100,372.98
Waste/used tires from trucks and buses	Nonhazardous waste	307.94
Waste/used tires from tractors	Nonhazardous waste	2.63
Waste/used tires for other applications	Nonhazardous waste	46.17
Waste electrical and electronic equipment and components not covered under 20 01 21 (*), 20 01 23 (*), or 20 01 35 (*)	Nonhazardous waste	0.49
Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste	Nonhazardous waste	286.8
Lime sludge waste	Nonhazardous waste	101,552.29
Wood debarking waste	Nonhazardous waste	86,514.05
Wood debarking waste and wood waste	Nonhazardous waste	8,713.17
Furnace linings and refractory materials from non-metallurgical processes not covered under 16 11 05 (*)	Nonhazardous waste	856.11
Total waste generated in the pulp industrial operations in São Paulo		366,069.61

Note: the waste reported under the categories “Other unspecified fractions” and “Other waste” consists of a mix of non-hazardous materials which, following an internal technical assessment, could not be specifically classified under the categories set forth in IBAMA Normative Instruction No. 13/2012.

São Paulo Forestry 2025

Classification	Category	Volume generated (t)
Absorbents, filtering materials (including oil filters not previously specified), cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated with hazardous substances	Hazardous waste	22.11
Various contaminated materials	Hazardous waste	7.75
Used or contaminated engine, transmission, and lubrication oils	Hazardous waste	17.54
Aluminum	Nonhazardous waste	0.49
Iron and steel	Nonhazardous waste	35.29
Wood	Nonhazardous waste	5.4
Paper and cardboard	Nonhazardous waste	3
Tires	Nonhazardous waste	182.8
Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste	Nonhazardous waste	3.34
Wood debarking waste	Nonhazardous waste	3.11
Total volume of waste generated in São Paulo’s pulp forestry operations		280.83

Note: the waste reported under the category “Miscellaneous materials contaminated with oils and greases” corresponds to the Waste Transportation Manifest (MTR) classification for “Packaging of any of the above-described types containing or contaminated with residues of hazardous substances.” This classification, in turn, encompasses the categories “Absorbents, filtering materials (including oil filters not previously specified), cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated with hazardous substances” and “Aluminum (Class B, in accordance with CONAMA Resolution No. 307/2002).

Bahia Mill 2025
Classification	Waste Class	Generation (t)
Used or contaminated lubricating oil	Hazardous waste	26.47
Batteries and accumulators	Hazardous waste	5.46
Healthcare waste	Hazardous waste	0.02
Drums / Big Bags with various contaminated materials	Hazardous waste	29.86
Empty contaminated metal drums	Hazardous waste	1.98
Wood bark (clean and contaminated)	Non-hazardous waste	27,168.54
Dregs	Non-hazardous waste	6,992.10
Grits	Non-hazardous waste	3,805.62
Lime mud	Non-hazardous waste	3,226.40
Fluorescent lamps, sodium vapor lamps, etc.	Non-hazardous waste	0.08
Emergency basin sludge	Non-hazardous waste	5,986.41
Primary sludge	Non-hazardous waste	9,099.86
Knots and rejects	Non-hazardous waste	15,245.20
Paper	Non-hazardous waste	125.37
Tires	Non-hazardous waste	0.96
Area scraping (wood chips)	Non-hazardous waste	2,553.78
Lime residue	Non-hazardous waste	2,158.20
General waste (non-recyclable)	Non-hazardous waste	384.12
Yard waste	Non-hazardous waste	1,075.28
Industrial waste	Non-hazardous waste	6,923.50
Sawdust	Non-hazardous waste	22,885.68
Mechanized screen solids	Non-hazardous waste	3.78
Wood scrap	Non-hazardous waste	289.90
Metal scrap (ferrous and non-ferrous)	Non-hazardous waste	553.24
Plastic scrap	Non-hazardous waste	31.12
Empty 1,000 L tanks (plastic IBC)	Non-hazardous waste	1.66
Glass	Non-hazardous waste	1.32
Total waste generated by industrial pulp operations in Bahia		108,575.91

Bahia Forestry 2025
Classification	Waste Class	Generation (t)
Miscellaneous	Hazardous waste	5.46
Filters	Hazardous waste	4.06
Contaminated hoses	Hazardous waste	14.86
Oils	Hazardous waste	32.40
Laboratory waste	Hazardous waste	0.47
Soil / grease	Hazardous waste	2.02
Big bags	Non-hazardous waste	7.10
Used PPEs and uniforms	Non-hazardous waste	2.74
Lamps	Non-hazardous waste	0.03
Municipal waste	Non-hazardous waste	19.47
Septic tank sludge	Non-hazardous waste	24.00
Wood	Non-hazardous waste	13.21
Recyclable plastics	Non-hazardous waste	1.50
Tire – rim size 16	Non-hazardous waste	0.05
Tire – rim size 17	Non-hazardous waste	0.06
Tire – rim size 20	Non-hazardous waste	0.003
Tire – rim size 22	Non-hazardous waste	0.57
Front FW tire	Non-hazardous waste	1.65
Rear FW tire	Non-hazardous waste	5.90
Recyclables	Non-hazardous waste	4.82
LED floodlights	Non-hazardous waste	0.06
Oil and water separator waste	Non-hazardous waste	0.0017
Electronic waste	Non-hazardous waste	1.89
Metal scrap	Non-hazardous waste	42.27
Drained drums	Non-hazardous waste	3.47
Glass	Non-hazardous waste	0.40
Total waste generated by forestry pulp operations in Bahia		188.456

Note 1: waste generated from Bracell’s mill operations in São Paulo includes forestry waste generated within the forestry operations situated in the state of São Paulo, which is managed by the Industrial Environmental Department. The forestry waste is not quantitatively measured, but are fully managed and disposed of in accordance to environmental criteria of Brazil legislation. Forestry waste generated from operations situated outside the state of São Paulo is handled by third-party companies, following specific management protocols, as listed above.
Note 2: waste generated from Bracell’s industrial operations in Bahia was calculated based on the sum of quantities disposed of, as recorded in the Final Disposal Certificates (FDCs), plus the estimated weight of waste still stored at the Central Waste Storage Facility as of December 31, 2025. The process includes collection, identification, temporary storage or final disposal (Bracell industrial landfill), transportation, treatment, and final disposal. All waste movements are formally recorded to ensure control and traceability of waste generation and destination.

Waste generation versus waste disposal in pulp operations

Waste data is tracked via key performance indicators (KPIs), supporting our commitment to Bracell 2030 roadmap targets, which include a 90% reduction in Class II industrial waste sent to landfills, covering our São Paulo and Bahia pulp operations.

In 2025, Bracell’s total waste volume in pulp operations was 500,586.41 metric tons, with the largest share coming from the São Paulo mill, which accounted for 369,063.60 metric tons (73.73%). Our Bahia pulp mill operation contributed 108,791 metric tons (21.73%), while our forestry operations generated significantly smaller volumes, reflecting the specific nature of those operations.

The total volume of waste from pulp operations sent to landfills in 2025 was 125,822.92 metric tons. Of this amount, 111,642.28 metric tons (88,73%) were generated at our São Paulo operation, while 14,145.12 metric tons (11,24%) came from our Bahia operations.

Total waste generated and sent to landfills, by business unit and operation

São Paulo Pulp

Operation	2024			2025
	Volume generated (t)	Sent to landfill (t)	Percent	Volume generated (t)	Sent to landfill (t)	Percent
Mill	269,790.67	84,836.39	31.45%	369,069.61	111,612.28	30.49%
Forestry	61.76	1.71	2.77%	280.83	35.53	12.65%
Total	269,852.43	84,838.09	31.44%	369,350.50	111,647.81	30.48%

Bahia Pulp

Operation	2024			2025
	Volume generated (t)	Sent to landfill (t)	Percent	Volume generated (t)	Sent to landfill (t)	Percent
Mill	144,230.30	14,077.90	9.76%	108,575.91	14,080.74	12.97%
Forestry	286.86	45.37	15.82%	188.45	64.37	34.16%
Total	144,517.16	14,123.27	9.77%	108,764.36	14,145.11	13,01%

Bracell

Operation	2024			2025
	Volume generated (t)	Sent to landfill (t)	Percent	Volume generated (t)	Sent to landfill (t)	Percent
Mill	414,020.97	98,914.31	23.89%	477,645.52	125,693.04	26.48%
Forestry	348.62	47.08	13.50%	469.28	99.9	21.29%
Total	414,369.59	98,961.37	23.88%	475,114.80	125,792.94	26.48%

Waste generation – Paper segment

Paper Southeast 2025
Classification	Waste Class	Generation (t)
Class I	Hazardous waste	50.16
Unserviceable waste	Non-hazardous waste	4.06
Wood	Non-hazardous waste	352.99
Metal	Non-hazardous waste	74.76
Cardboard	Non-hazardous waste	284.04
Plastic	Non-hazardous waste	243.00
Paper cores	Non-hazardous waste	56.45
Total waste generated by industrial paper operations in the Southeast		1,065.46

Paper Northeast 2025
Classification	Waste Class	Generation (t)
Lamp	Hazardous waste	0.84
Oil	Hazardous waste	0.48
Drum	Non-hazardous waste	0.25
50 L drum	Non-hazardous waste	0.02
200 L drum	Non-hazardous waste	0.23
Ashes	Non-hazardous waste	102.11
100 L container	Non-hazardous waste	0.54
Iron	Non-hazardous waste	190.27
Printed film	Non-hazardous waste	12.25
Plain film	Non-hazardous waste	109.27
General waste	Non-hazardous waste	7,348.26
Sludge	Non-hazardous waste	12,967.89
Broke paper	Non-hazardous waste	88.52
Pallets	Non-hazardous waste	83.25
Cardboard	Non-hazardous waste	26.78
Towel trim waste	Non-hazardous waste	395.95
Cardboard cores	Non-hazardous waste	22.60
Jumbo cores	Non-hazardous waste	14.98
PVC cores	Non-hazardous waste	20.67
Total waste generated by industrial paper operations in the Northeast		21,385.16

Waste management practices at Bracell follow circular economy principles and a hierarchical approach that prioritizes, first and foremost, reducing waste generation during production processes. Whenever possible, materials are reused internally, and when that is not feasible, we partner with third parties to recycle the waste, ensuring environmentally sound disposal. This approach supports our commitment to operational efficiency and sustainability across the entire value chain (see more under GRI 306-1 Waste generation and significant waste-related impacts).

Our disposal alternatives include recycling, energy recovery, reuse, composting, effluent treatment, agricultural use, and re-refining—a process that transforms used oil into a new, decontaminated product.

During the year, we implemented process and infrastructure improvements to reduce waste generation and improve waste management practices.

In addition, the R&D department is advancing two major projects focused on the reuse of industrial by-products:

• Potassium sulfate plant: in 2025, a facility was built to produce potassium sulfate from a residue generated at the São Paulo mill, which will be used as a forestry fertilizer.
• New uses for waste materials: Tests are underway to evaluate the use of dregs, grits and other waste materials in the construction of service roads and as materials for building and construction applications.
• Fertilizer plant: The feasibility of installing a fertilizer production plant at the São Paulo mill is currently under evaluation. The proposed project involves reusing sludge generated in water and effluent treatment processes (WTP/WWTP), converting this material into fertilizer input. This project is another illustration of our commitment to circular economy principles and waste reduction. Another alternative under assessment is the production of biogas from this same sludge, which could be used as industrial fuel. This project is also being developed by the Research & Development team, with a focus on innovative and sustainable solutions.

At our Northeast paper mill in Feira de Santana (BA), several initiatives are being implemented, including the installation of drying and drainage boxes for sludge prior to landfill disposal. Additional initiatives at this facility include testing the use of sludge residues in our forestry operations in Bahia.

In our forestry operations in São Paulo, in 2025, more than 80% of the total waste generated was sent for recycling, converting by-products into inputs for other value chains.

Pulp waste diverted from disposal

São Paulo Mill 2025

Classification	Category	Method of disposal (t)	Rehabilitation
Absorbents, filter materials, cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated by hazardous substances	Hazardous waste	262.92	Co-processing
Packaging of any of the aforementioned types containing, or contaminated by, residues of hazardous substances	Hazardous waste	52.47	Recycling
Used or contaminated oil from engines, transmissions and lubrication	Hazardous waste	159.46	Re-refining
Batteries and accumulators covered under 16 06 01 (*) or 16 06 03 (*), and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing these types of batteries or accumulators	Hazardous waste	24.95	Recycling
Aluminum (Class B according to CONAMA Resolution 307/02)	Nonhazardous waste	10.43	Recycling
Class B – Recyclable wastes intended for alternative destinations, including plastics, paper, cardboard, metals, glass, wood, empty architectural paint packaging, and gypsum. Classified as Class B under CONAMA Resolution 307/2002. This category comprises waste codes 170201, 170202, 170203, 170401, 170402, 170403, 170404, 170405, 170406, 170407, 170411, 170412, 170413, and 170802, as defined by IBAMA Normative Instruction 13/2012.	Nonhazardous waste	259.62	Recycling
Paper and cardboard packaging	Nonhazardous waste	3.83	Recycling
Plastic packaging materials	Nonhazardous waste	236.15	Recycling
Iron and steel, classified as Class B recyclable waste according to CONAMA Resolution 307/2002	Nonhazardous waste	998.52	Recycling
Sludge generated from local wastewater treatment operations that is not included under waste code 03 03 10	Nonhazardous waste	56,770.61	Composting
Wood, classified as Class B under CONAMA Resolution 307/2002	Nonhazardous waste	220.55	Recycling
Wood, classified as Class B under CONAMA Resolution 307/2002	Nonhazardous waste	25.44	Energy Recovery
Mixed packaging materials	Nonhazardous waste	3.85	Recycling
Other waste fractions not previously specified	Nonhazardous waste	675.1	Recycling
Other wastes not previously specified	Nonhazardous waste	421.98	Recycling
Waste/used tires from trucks and buses	Nonhazardous waste	307.4	Co-processing
Waste/used tires from tractors	Nonhazardous waste	2.63	Recycling
Waste/used tires for other applications	Nonhazardous waste	46.17	Sorting and Transfer
End-of-life electrical and electronic products and components not included under codes 20 01 21 (*), 20 01 23 (*), or 20 01 35 (*).	Nonhazardous waste	0.49	Recycling
Lime sludge waste	Nonhazardous waste	101,137.26	Agricultural Use
Wood debarking waste	Nonhazardous waste	86,514.05	Energy Recovery
Wood debarking waste and wood waste	Nonhazardous waste	8,713.17	Energy Recovery
Furnace linings and refractory materials from non-metallurgical processes.	Nonhazardous waste	573.73	Recycling
Total waste not destined for final disposal in industrial operations in São Paulo		257,424.33	–

Note 1: the waste reported under the categories “Other unspecified fractions” and “Other waste” consists of a mix of non-hazardous materials which, following an internal technical assessment, could not be specifically classified under the categories set forth in IBAMA Normative Instruction No. 13/2012.

Note 2: all waste was sent for destination outside the organization. 

São Paulo Forestry 2025

Classification	Category	Method of disposal (t)	Rehabilitation
Absorbents, filter materials, cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated by hazardous substances	Hazardous waste	22.1	Co-processing
Aluminum	Nonhazardous waste	0.49	Recycling
Iron and steel	Nonhazardous waste	35.29	Recycling
Tires	Nonhazardous waste	182.8	Recycling
Wood debarking waste	Nonhazardous waste	3.11	Recycling
Total waste not destined for final disposal in forestry operations in São Paulo		243.79	–

Note: all waste was sent for destination outside the organization. 

Bahia Mill 2025
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Recovery Method
Used or contaminated lubricating oil	Hazardous waste	26.47	Re-refining
Batteries	Hazardous waste	5.46	Recycling
Empty contaminated metal drums	Hazardous waste	2.35	Recycling
Drums / Big Bags with contaminated mixed materials	Hazardous waste	5.28	Coprocessing
Wood bark (clean and contaminated)	Non-hazardous waste	29,635.28	Energy recovery
Plastic packaging	Non-hazardous waste	0.09	Recycling
Lime mud	Non-hazardous waste	7,521.00	Reuse
Lime mud	Non-hazardous waste	5,266.71	Agricultural use
Emergency basin sludge	Non-hazardous waste	1,659.13	Composting
Primary sludge	Non-hazardous waste	486.80	Sale
Knots and rejects	Non-hazardous waste	6,268.68	Energy recovery
Paper	Non-hazardous waste	152.37	Recycling
Area scraping waste	Non-hazardous waste	938.03	Energy recovery
Yard waste	Non-hazardous waste	572.88	Composting
Industrial waste	Non-hazardous waste	1,399.00	Composting
Sawdust	Non-hazardous waste	26,906.75	Energy recovery
Mechanical screen solids	Non-hazardous waste	3.78	Composting
Wood scrap	Non-hazardous waste	289.90	Recycling
Plastic scrap	Non-hazardous waste	31.12	Recycling
Metal scrap (ferrous and non-ferrous)	Non-hazardous waste	553.24	Recycling
Empty 1,000 L tanks (plastic IBC)	Non-hazardous waste	0.19	Recycling
Glass	Non-hazardous waste	6.87	Recycling
Total waste not destined for final disposal in industrial operations in Bahia		81,731.37	–

 

Bahia Forestry 2025
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Recovery Method
Miscellaneous	Hazardous waste	4.13	Coprocessing
Filters	Hazardous waste	6.02	Coprocessing
Contaminated hoses	Hazardous waste	3.92	Coprocessing
Oils	Hazardous waste	15.72	Re-refining
Soil / grease	Hazardous waste	2.90	Coprocessing
Big bags	Non-hazardous waste	8.88	Recycling
1-liter EDA containers	Non-hazardous waste	0.85	Reverse logistics
5-liter EDA containers	Non-hazardous waste	1.19	Reverse logistics
10-liter EDA containers	Non-hazardous waste	0.08	Reverse logistics
20-liter EDA containers	Non-hazardous waste	8.12	Reverse logistics
Septic tank sludge	Non-hazardous waste	24.00	Effluent treatment
Wood	Non-hazardous waste	13.21	Energy recovery
EDA cardboard packaging	Non-hazardous waste	15.74	Reverse logistics
Flexible plastics (EDA)	Non-hazardous waste	3.00	Reverse logistics
Recyclable plastics	Non-hazardous waste	1.50	Recycling
FW tire	Non-hazardous waste	6.68	Reuse
Expired products	Non-hazardous waste	0.10	Reverse logistics
Recyclables	Non-hazardous waste	12.86	Recycling
Oil and water separator waste	Non-hazardous waste	2.33	Effluent treatment
Electronic waste	Non-hazardous waste	1.20	Recycling
Metal scrap	Non-hazardous waste	70.26	Recycling
EDA caps	Non-hazardous waste	0.23	Reverse logistics
Drained drums	Non-hazardous waste	1.90	Reuse
Drained drums	Non-hazardous waste	1.50	Recycling
Total waste not destined for final disposal in forestry operations in Bahia		206.32	–

Note 1: the waste volumes reported by the forestry and mill operations in Bahia include only the volumes that were effectively sent for destination in 2025, regardless of the year in which they were generated. This may result in differences between the total waste generated and the total waste destined in the same year. Additionally, 11.45 tonnes of non-hazardous waste from the Bahia Forestry unit remained in internal storage in 2025, pending destination in the subsequent cycle.
Note 2: for the Bahia Forestry unit, a total of 8.58 tonnes of non-hazardous waste was destined for recovery within the organization itself (FW tires and drained drums). For Bahia mill unit, a total of 7,521.19 tonnes of non-hazardous waste (lime mud and empty 1,000 L tanks [plastic IBCs]) was destined for recovery within the organization. All other waste generated by Bracell’s units (hazardous and non-hazardous) was sent for destination outside the organization.

Paper production waste not sent for final disposal

Southeast Paper 2025
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Recovery Method
Class I	Hazardous waste	50.16	Coprocessing
Wood	Non-hazardous waste	352.99	Reuse
Metal	Non-hazardous waste	74.76	Recycling
Cardboard	Non-hazardous waste	284.04	Recycling
Plastic	Non-hazardous waste	243.00	Recycling
Paper cores	Non-hazardous waste	56.45	Recycling
Total waste diverted from disposal in our Southeast paper operations		1,065.46	–

Note: all waste was sent for destination outside the organization. 

Northeast Paper 2025
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Recovery Method
Lamp	Hazardous waste	0.84	Coprocessing
Oil	Hazardous waste	0.48	Re-refining
Container	Non-hazardous waste	0.25	Recycling
50 L container	Non-hazardous waste	0.02	Recycling
200 L container	Non-hazardous waste	0.23	Recycling
Ashes	Non-hazardous waste	102.11	Recycling
100 L container	Non-hazardous waste	0.54	Recycling
Iron	Non-hazardous waste	190.27	Recycling
Clear film	Non-hazardous waste	12.25	Recycling
Printed film	Non-hazardous waste	109.27	Recycling
Broke paper (waste paper)	Non-hazardous waste	88.52	Recycling
Pallets	Non-hazardous waste	83.25	Recycling
Cardboard	Non-hazardous waste	26.78	Recycling
Towel scrap	Non-hazardous waste	395.95	Recycling
Cardboard paper cores	Non-hazardous waste	22.60	Recycling
Jumbo paper cores	Non-hazardous waste	14.98	Recycling
PVC cores	Non-hazardous waste	20.67	Recycling
Total waste not destined for final disposal in paper industrial operations in the Northeast		1,069.01	–

Note: all waste was sent for destination outside the organization.

At Bracell’s forestry and mill operations, some of the waste generated still requires disposal, such as landfilling, co-processing, incineration, and autoclaving. These include effluent treatment sludge, wood debarking waste, end-of-life truck and bus tires, rubber, glass, and contaminated materials.

In 2025, we implemented process and infrastructure improvements to reduce waste generation and improve waste management practices.

In our Bahia operations, construction of three new waste storage facilities is underway to enhance storage structure, improve handling, and support reuse processes. In addition, we developed a solution for waste sludge, knots and eucalyptus bark, which are mixed and used as organic compost to restore degraded forest areas. Due to its success, this initiative has now been incorporated into our routine operations.

In addition, the R&D department is advancing two major projects focused on the reuse of industrial by-products:

• Potassium sulfate plant: in 2025, a facility was built to produce potassium sulfate from a residue generated at the São Paulo mill, which will be used as a forestry fertilizer.
• New uses for waste materials: Tests are underway to evaluate the use of dregs, grits and other waste materials in the construction of service roads and as materials for building and construction applications.

At our Northeast paper mill in Feira de Santana (BA), several initiatives are being implemented, including the installation of drying and drainage boxes for sludge prior to landfill disposal. Additional initiatives at this facility include testing the use of sludge residues in our forestry operations in Bahia.

These initiatives are part of Bracell’s ongoing efforts to drive sustainable waste management solutions and directly support the environmental targets set out in the Bracell 2030 roadmap.

Pulp waste sent for final disposal

São Paulo Mill 2025
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Disposal Method
Lime mud	Non-hazardous waste	415.03	Landfill – Class IIA and IIB waste
Sludge from on-site effluent treatment	Non-hazardous waste	9,387.52	Landfill – Class IIA and IIB waste
Mixed construction and demolition waste	Non-hazardous waste	1,190.19	Inert landfill – Construction and demolition waste
Other fractions not previously specified	Non-hazardous waste	129.36	Landfill – Class IIA and IIB waste
Other waste not previously specified	Non-hazardous waste	99,951.00	Landfill – Class IIA and IIB waste
Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste	Non-hazardous waste	256.80	Sanitary landfill
Furnace linings and refractories from non-metallurgical processes not covered under 16 11 05 (*)	Hazardous waste	282.38	Inert landfill – Construction and demolition waste
Total waste destined for final disposal in industrial operations in São Paulo		111,612.28	–

Note 1: all waste was sent for disposal outside the organization.

Nota 2: the waste reported under the categories “Other unspecified fractions” and “Other waste” consists of a mix of non-hazardous materials which, following an internal technical assessment, could not be specifically classified under the categories set forth in IBAMA Normative Instruction No. 13/2012.

São Paulo Forestry 2025

Classification	Category	Method of disposal (t)	Disposal Method
Contaminated mixed materials	Hazardous waste	6.25	Landfill
Used or contaminated engine, transmission, and lubricating oils	Hazardous waste	17.54	Landfill
Wood	Non-hazardous waste	5.40	Landfill
Paper and cardboard	Non-hazardous waste	3.00	Landfill
Biodegradable kitchen and canteen waste	Non-hazardous waste	3.34	Landfill
Total waste sent for final disposal in forestry operations in São Paulo		35.53	—

Note 1: all waste was managed externally and not treated within the organization.

Nota 2: the waste reported under the category “Miscellaneous materials contaminated with oils and greases” corresponds to the Waste Transportation Manifest (MTR) classification for “Packaging of any of the above-described types containing or contaminated with residues of hazardous substances.” This classification, in turn, encompasses the categories “Absorbents, filtering materials (including oil filters not previously specified), cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated with hazardous substances” and “Aluminum (Class B, in accordance with CONAMA Resolution No. 307/2002).

Bahia Mill 2025
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Disposal Method
Healthcare waste	Hazardous waste	0.02	Autoclaving
Dregs	Non-hazardous waste	6,992.10	Landfill
Grits	Non-hazardous waste	3,805.62	Landfill
General waste (non-recyclable)	Non-hazardous waste	384.12	Landfill
Yard waste	Non-hazardous waste	502.40	Landfill
Industrial waste	Non-hazardous waste	2,396.50	Landfill
Total waste destined for final disposal in industrial operations in Bahia		14,080.76	–

Note: all waste was sent for disposal outside the organization.

Bahia Forestry
Classification	Category	Destination (t)	Disposal Method
Contaminated hoses	Hazardous waste	7.13	Class I landfill
Laboratory waste	Hazardous waste	0.15	Autoclaving
General waste	Non-hazardous waste	28.63	Sanitary landfill
Expired products	Non-hazardous waste	0.02	Incineration
Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)	Non-hazardous waste	28.62	Construction and demolition waste landfill
Total waste destined for final disposal in forestry operations in Bahia		64.54	–

Note: all waste was sent for disposal outside the organization.

Paper Waste Sent for Final Disposal

Southeast Paper Operationse 2025

Classification	Category	Method of disposal (t)	Disposal Method
Scrap (unusable)	Non-hazardous waste	4.06	Landfill
Total waste sent for final disposal in paper industrial operations in the Southeast		4.06	–

Note: all waste was managed externally and not treated within the organization.

 

Northeast Paper Operations 2025

Classification	Category	Method of disposal (t)	Disposal Method
General waste	Non-hazardous waste	7,348.26	Landfill
Sludge	Non-hazardous waste	12,967.89	Landfill
Total waste sent for final disposal from paper manufacturing operations in the Northeast		20,316.15	–

Note: all waste was managed externally and not treated within the organization.

Waste sent to landfill from 2020 to 2025

Waste sent to landfills in pulp operations in São Paulo

Year	Total waste sent to landfills (kg)	Waste sent to landfills per metric ton of pulp produced (kg/ADT)
2020	12,835,672	52.1
2021	53,088,992	65.0
2022	237,543,980	80.9
2023	255,960,241	85.0
2024	140,243,510	44.3
2025	111,677,810	34.23

Waste Sent for Landfill Disposal
Year	Waste	Category	Landfill (t)	Business Unit
2025	Lime mud	Non-hazardous waste	415.03	São Paulo
2025	Sludge from on-site effluent treatment	Non-hazardous waste	9,387.52	São Paulo
2025	Mixed construction and demolition waste	Non-hazardous waste	1,190.19	São Paulo
2025	Other fractions not previously specified	Non-hazardous waste	129.36	São Paulo
2025	Other waste not previously specified	Non-hazardous waste	99,951.00	São Paulo
2025	Miscellaneous materials contaminated with oils and grease	Hazardous waste	6.25	São Paulo
2025	Wood	Non-hazardous waste	5.40	São Paulo
2025	Yard sand	Hazardous waste	502.40	Bahia
2025	Dregs	Non-hazardous waste	6,992.10	Bahia
2025	Grits	Non-hazardous waste	3,805.62	Bahia
2025	General waste (non-recyclable)	Non-hazardous waste	384.12	Bahia
2025	Industrial waste	Hazardous waste	2,396.50	Bahia
2025	Contaminated hoses	Non-hazardous waste	7.13	Bahia
2025	General waste	Non-hazardous waste	28.63	Bahia
2025	Construction and demolition waste (CDW)	Non-hazardous waste	28.62	Bahia
2024	Sludge from on-site effluent treatment	Non-hazardous waste	15,019.71	São Paulo
2024	Other fractions not previously specified	Non-hazardous waste	189.73	São Paulo
2024	Glass fiber–based waste	Non-hazardous waste	2.66	São Paulo
2024	Mixed construction and demolition waste	Non-hazardous waste	95.63	São Paulo
2024	Wood debarking and wood waste	Non-hazardous waste	231.59	São Paulo
2024	Other waste not previously specified	Non-hazardous waste	69,297.07	São Paulo
2024	Petroleum products, solvents and plastics	Hazardous waste	1.71	São Paulo
2024	Oily sludge, oily water and waste contaminated with oils and grease	Hazardous waste	21.60	Bahia
2024	Class I waste contaminated with paint and solvent	Hazardous waste	4.31	Bahia
2024	Packaging contaminated with paint/solvents	Hazardous waste	4.60	Bahia
2024	Lamps	Hazardous waste	0.39	Bahia
2024	Dregs	Non-hazardous waste	8,940.30	Bahia
2024	Grits	Non-hazardous waste	3,375.12	Bahia
2024	Yard sand	Non-hazardous waste	752.40	Bahia
2024	Industrial cleaning waste	Non-hazardous waste	1,124.00	Bahia
2024	Mechanical screen box waste	Non-hazardous waste	8.10	Bahia
2024	Non-recycled waste	Non-hazardous waste	304.18	Bahia
2024	Oily sludge, oily water and waste contaminated with oils and grease	Hazardous waste	15.94	Bahia
2024	Laboratory waste	Hazardous waste	0.18	Bahia
2024	Batteries	Hazardous waste	0.02	Bahia
2024	Used PPEs without contamination	Non-hazardous waste	1.22	Bahia
2024	Construction and demolition waste (CDW)	Non-hazardous waste	9.97	Bahia
2024	General waste (non-recyclable)	Non-hazardous waste	17.37	Bahia
2023	Lamps and electronic waste	Non-hazardous waste	0.67	Bahia
2023	Class II general / unserviceable waste	Non-hazardous waste	135.83	São Paulo
2023	Sludge (WWTP/WTP)	Non-hazardous waste	33,873.74	São Paulo
2023	Mixed waste (dregs, grits, knots, sticks, ash and sand)	Non-hazardous waste	82,813.41	São Paulo
2023	Organic waste	Non-hazardous waste	492.05	São Paulo
2023	Healthcare waste	Hazardous waste	0.02	Bahia
2023	Materials contaminated with oils and grease	Hazardous waste	18.05	Bahia
2023	Lamps	Hazardous waste	0.29	Bahia
2023	Grits	Non-hazardous waste	1,831.56	Bahia
2023	Dregs	Non-hazardous waste	7,515.87	Bahia
2023	Non-recyclable waste	Non-hazardous waste	287.18	Bahia
2023	Yard waste	Non-hazardous waste	664.40	Bahia
2023	Industrial waste	Non-hazardous waste	988.00	Bahia
2023	Mechanical screen solids	Non-hazardous waste	10.08	Bahia
2022	Healthcare waste	Hazardous waste	0.12	Bahia
2022	Materials contaminated with oils and grease	Hazardous waste	18.40	Bahia
2022	Lamps	Hazardous waste	1.60	Bahia
2022	Grits	Non-hazardous waste	4,185.02	Bahia
2022	Dregs	Non-hazardous waste	8,150.74	Bahia
2022	Knots and rejects	Non-hazardous waste	325.78	Bahia
2022	Bark	Non-hazardous waste	157.00	Bahia
2022	Yard waste	Non-hazardous waste	673.01	Bahia
2022	Industrial waste	Non-hazardous waste	3,731.91	Bahia
2022	Primary sludge	Non-hazardous waste	13,013.91	Bahia
2022	Plastic containers	Non-hazardous waste	0.13	Bahia
2022	Metal scrap	Non-hazardous waste	245.74	Bahia
2022	Batteries	Non-hazardous waste	2.85	Bahia
2022	Contaminated miscellaneous waste	Hazardous waste	9.60	Bahia
2022	Bags	Non-hazardous waste	9.36	Bahia
2022	Class II general / unserviceable waste	Non-hazardous waste	9.67	São Paulo
2022	Fiberglass and rock wool	Non-hazardous waste	107.50	São Paulo
2022	Sludge (WWTP/WTP)	Non-hazardous waste	164,455.78	São Paulo
2022	Mixed waste (dregs, grits, knots, sticks, ash and sand)	Non-hazardous waste	25,002.84	São Paulo
2021	Contaminated filters	Hazardous waste	8.20	Bahia
2021	Contaminated hoses	Hazardous waste	2.87	Bahia
2021	Contaminated miscellaneous waste	Hazardous waste	10.71	Bahia
2021	Electronic waste	Hazardous waste	0.43	Bahia
2021	Asbestos-containing construction waste	Hazardous waste	12.58	São Paulo
2021	Lime mud	Non-hazardous waste	19,682.64	São Paulo
2021	Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) sludge	Non-hazardous waste	21,429.05	São Paulo
2021	Restaurant waste (organic)	Non-hazardous waste	6.78	São Paulo
2021	Glass fiber–based waste	Non-hazardous waste	112.27	São Paulo
2020	Grits, dregs and mud from the recovery process	Non-hazardous waste	25,205.00	Bahia
2020	General waste	Non-hazardous waste	10.80	Bahia
2020	Restaurant waste (organic)	Non-hazardous waste	13.24	São Paulo
2020	Rock wool and fiberglass	Non-hazardous waste	13.09	São Paulo

Note 1: the data scope considers solid waste generated from industrial processes that is disposed of in landfills, in accordance to Bracell 2030 target guidelines.

Note 2: the waste reported under the category “Miscellaneous materials contaminated with oils and greases” corresponds to the Waste Transportation Manifest (MTR) classification for “Packaging of any of the above-described types containing or contaminated with residues of hazardous substances.” This classification, in turn, encompasses the categories “Absorbents, filtering materials (including oil filters not previously specified), cleaning cloths, and protective clothing contaminated with hazardous substances” and “Aluminum (Class B, in accordance with CONAMA Resolution No. 307/2002).

Note 3: the waste reported under the categories “Other unspecified fractions” and “Other waste” consists of a mix of non-hazardous materials which, following an internal technical assessment, could not be specifically classified under the categories set forth in IBAMA Normative Instruction No. 13/2012.

Suppliers of equipment, products and services are screened using the approach described under GRI 3-3 Management of material topics: Supply chain management. All suppliers are required to be screened, including new suppliers.

Bracell continuously monitors supplier performance based on ISO 9001:2015, annually assessing suppliers of chemical inputs, transportation, and calibration services. These assessments determine whether they are onboarded, remain in the supply chain, or are terminated. Assessment results are communicated directly to suppliers in a transparent manner.

Audits are periodically carried out in contractors’ operations to ensure compliance with internal policies and environmental, safety, and ethics standards.

Since December 2024, we have used the Linkana platform to enhance supplier screening and monitoring on environmental management criteria, impact prevention, and fulfillment of commitments to sustainable practices. These assessments cover compliance with national and international environmental standards, public data from the Federal Revenue Service, clearance certificates, block lists, and sustainability indexes. After data validation, a confidence score informs risk recommendations and directs the process toward automatic or manual approval workflows. 

Percentage of new suppliers selected based on environmental criteria	2025
Total number of new suppliers that were considered for contracting	1,816
Total number of new suppliers contracted based on environmental criteria	1,776
Percentage of new suppliers contracted based on environmental criteria (%)	97.80%

Note: forty international suppliers were not assessed regarding their sustainability management practices under Bracell’s new supplier evaluation methodology. These suppliers were evaluated through the processes reported in our Disclosures Hub in 2024. The new supplier assessment system is currently being structured to enable the review and validation of sustainability-related documentation for international suppliers, and has already been implemented for domestic suppliers. Suppliers not yet evaluated under the new system will be incorporated into the assessment process, ensuring consistent application of environmental and ESG criteria across the entire supplier base.

We routinely assess risks and impacts related to our operations’ direct suppliers. Risk and impact assessments are conducted using Bracell’s environmental aspect and impact matrix, which conforms to the requirements of the certification standards applicable to our operations as well as applicable laws and regulations. In 2025, suppliers for whom negative environmental impacts were identified were subject to approval and/or rejection in accordance with internal procedures.

Key environmental risks assessed in the supply chain include deforestation, biodiversity loss, pollution and water withdrawal, nonrenewable energy use, improper waste and effluent disposal, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

In managing these risks, we conduct internal and external environmental audits that assess compliance with certification standards, internal procedures, and legal requirements. These audits, carried out at least twice a year, cover 18 departments on a sampling basis. In addition, Bracell holds environmental certifications such as ISO 14001 (Environmental Management Systems), NBR 14789 (Sustainable Forest Management), and ISO 19011.

We also conduct regular audits on operations employing contractors. In these audits, we evaluate operational practices for compliance with certification standards, corporate policies, legislation, and regulatory standards on safety, ethics, and compliance.

These audits include supply chain and product life cycle assessments, ensuring operations are aligned with sustainable practices.

Suppliers of inputs, equipment, and services that are directly involved in our operations are evaluated throughout a process that begins with supplier onboarding and ends upon contract completion.

Our approach to procurement and supplier management follows corporate policies and internal procedures within our Integrated Management System, which governs social (occupational health, workplace safety, labor rights, child and adolescent rights, Diversity & Inclusion, human rights, social risks and impacts), environmental (water, effluents, waste, energy, environmental licensing, forest management plans, environmental risks and impacts), and governance (compliance, ethics, unfair competition, conflicts of interest, and anti-corruption) matters.

Internal standards are developed in compliance with legislation, forestry and industrial certification standards, international sustainability protocols, and other regulatory standards.

Operating procedures within the Integrated Management System are internal, while our corporate policies are public on the Bracell website.

Supplier management processes are described under GRI 3-3: Management of material topics: Supply chain management No suppliers operating directly in our facilities were identified as causing significant—actual or potential—negative environmental impacts.

Learn more about supplier social and environmental assessments under GRI 308-1 – New suppliers that were screened using environmental criteria.

Suppliers with negative environmental impacts	2025
Number of suppliers assessed for environmental impacts	1,776
Number of suppliers identified as having significant actual and potential negative environmental impacts	33
Significant actual and potential negative environmental impacts identified in the supply chain	1 – Environmental fines – Ibama (Headquarters and branches) 2 – Environmental fines – Ibama (Partners/Shareholders) 3 – Embargoed areas – Ibama (Headquarters and branches) 4 – Embargoed areas – Ibama (Partners/Shareholders)
Number of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative environmental impacts, for whom improvements were agreed as a result of the assessment	32
Percentage of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative environmental impacts, with whom improvements were agreed as a result of the assessment	96.97%
Number of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative environmental impacts with whom business relationships were terminated as a result of the assessment	1
Percentage of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative environmental impacts with whom business relationships were terminated as a result of the assessment	3.03%
Reasons for terminating the business relationship as identified through the assessment	Issue in supplier approval documentation

Note: in 2025, 32 suppliers approved under Bracell’s procurement process were found to have environmental nonconformities. However, they remained approved based on Linkana’s structured risk-management methodology, which assigns supplier ratings from A to E across Compliance, Environmental Legal, and Financial dimensions. Following a comprehensive review—including Compliance validation (when applicable), environmental impact assessment, and materiality analysis—the nonconformities were deemed non-critical to operational risks. For each case, corrective action and follow-up plans were formalized in accordance with Bracell’s supplier approval documentation matrix.

Bracell screens 100% of its suppliers for compliance with labor laws and applicable collective bargaining agreements. During the reporting period, no operations or suppliers were identified as presenting significant risk of violations of the right to freedom of association or collective bargaining. Suppliers are monitored through a third-party management system and on-site audits, which include verification of collective bargaining agreement clauses and compliance with certification standards; non-compliance leads to contractual penalties and suspension of payments until the issue is cured. 

We reaffirm our commitment to protecting labor rights by providing a safe, inclusive, and respectful work environment. Our internal Human Resources policy upholds diversity, equity, and fairness, ensuring full compliance with local and international laws and regulations. This ensures that freedom of association rights are always protected and upheld.

Bracell does not have, and has never had, operations involving child labor or young workers exposed to hazardous work.

We consider operations that carry potential risks of child labor or hazardous tasks involving young workers to include planting, road construction and maintenance, and the maintenance of forestry machinery and equipment. These operations are located in the regions where our industrial sites are based, namely in the states of São Paulo and Bahia, including areas operated by third parties.

We have strict preventive measures in place to mitigate any risk related to this issue. For contractor workers, we require documentation and conduct regular visits to forestry operations, carried out by our Internal Audit and Certification teams. Bracell’s compliance team provides ISO 37001 certification training to ensure best-practice management of compliance systems. 

During onboarding for both employees and contractor, our Code of Conduct is presented and made available in printed and online versions, accessible via QR code, along with documents such as our Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Policy and the Human Rights Policy, available on the Bracell website. Our Human Rights Policy, which applies to employees, contractors, and subcontractors, emphasizes our zero-tolerance stance on child labor and forced or compulsory labor.

All contracts signed with third parties or subcontractors include standard clauses that ensure zero tolerance for child labor.

Child labor is listed in our compliance matrix as a serious violation. Identified potential causes include: activities with long shifts and high demand for operational labor; high levels of outsourcing; and lack of monitoring at worksites managed by contractors, especially in rural areas.

Audits of operations

We conduct both internal and external audits to manage environmental, social, management, and quality requirements. These requirements are assessed against the ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) requirements. We also undergo external audits based on the IFC (International Finance Corporation) Performance Standards at our Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, a requirement in connection with the finance secured for Project Star—two new-build flexible pulp lines, in operation since 2021.

Audits are periodically carried out in contractors’ operations to ensure compliance with internal policies and environmental, safety, and ethics standards. In 2025, 15 out of 21 active environment-related suppliers underwent due diligence.

Risk management and classification

During monitoring of the overall supplier base, 47 partners were identified as having exposure to the risk of child labor. Of these, 16 were active suppliers during the 2025 reporting year and underwent corporate due diligence.

Bracell uses the Linkana platform to classify supplier risk based on reviewed documentation and ESG criteria. Each document is assigned a score (0 to 100) according to its level of criticality. Confirmed cases of child labor or slave-like labor result in the maximum score, automatically classifying the supplier as critical.

Risk levels and approval thresholds

The system consolidates non-conformities and assigns a risk level from A to E:

• Low risk (A/B): No additional approval required.
• Medium risk (C): Requires approval from Procurement.
• High or critical risk (D/E): Requires a Compliance review, in accordance with the Supplier Onboarding and Management Procedure.

Guidelines for continuity and zero tolerance

For level D or E risks, Compliance assesses fitness for onboarding and may recommend mitigation measures or specific contractual clauses. However, in confirmed cases of child labor or forced labor, the policy is zero tolerance: the supplier is mandatorily rejected, blocked in the SAP system and continuation of the contract is blocked.

Bracell does not have, and has never had, operations involving forced or compulsory labor.

During onboarding for both employees and contractor, our Code of Conduct is presented and made available in printed and online versions, accessible via QR code, along with documents such as our Anti-Corruption and Anti-Bribery Policy and the Human Rights Policy, available on the Bracell website. Our Human Rights Policy, which applies to employees, contractors, and subcontractors, emphasizes our zero-tolerance stance on forced or compulsory labor.

All contracts signed with contractors or subcontractors include standard clauses ensuring zero tolerance for forced or compulsory labor (see more under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Supply chain management, under GRI 3-3: Management of material topics: Supply chain management).

We have identified the following as operations with potential risk of forced or compulsory labor: planting, road construction and maintenance, maintenance of forestry machinery and equipment, and outsourced labor. These operations are located in the regions where our industrial sites are based, namely in the states of São Paulo and Bahia, including areas operated by third parties.

As part of the preventive scope of our Integrity Program, we assess third-party operated areas to prevent any occurrence of child or slave labor within our supplier chain. We have established monitoring guidelines for these business partners, including reviews of government blacklists and administrative violation notices.

We have strict preventive measures in place to mitigate any risk related to this issue. For contractor workers, we require documentation and conduct regular visits to forestry operations, carried out by our Internal Audit, Occupational Safety, and Certification teams. Bracell’s compliance team provides ISO 37001 certification training to ensure best-practice management of compliance systems. 

The supplier screening process also takes these risk factors into account. Suppliers are assessed through the Linkana platform, which automatically classifies as critical risk (the highest level) any case in which an administrative violation notice related to child labor or forced or slave labor is identified. Such cases are subject to mandatory review by Compliance. In 2025, no suppliers flagged as being at risk for slave labor were engaged. 

Whistleblowing Channel

In 2025, a new whistleblowing channel was implemented, managed by Contato Seguro, to provide whistleblowers with the assurance of anonymous reporting and to enable submissions 24/7 through multiple channels (email, telephone and website).

Audits of operations

We conduct both internal and external audits to manage environmental, social, management, and quality requirements. These requirements are assessed against the ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) requirements. We also undergo external audits based on the IFC (International Finance Corporation) Performance Standards at our Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, a requirement in connection with the finance secured for Project Star—two newbuild flexible pulp lines, in operation since 2021.

Audits are periodically carried out in contractors’ operations to ensure compliance with internal policies and environmental, safety, and ethics standards. In 2025, 50 due diligence assessments were conducted involving contractors. 

Bracell’s Internal Audit team has developed a specific plan for forestry areas where outsourced workers are present and risks are higher, ensuring compliance with company policies and protecting workers’ rights. Forced or compulsory labor is classified in Bracell’s compliance matrix as an extreme violation. Identified potential causes include: activities with long shifts and high demand for operational labor; high levels of outsourcing; and lack of monitoring at worksites managed by contractors, especially in rural areas.

In monitoring the overall supplier base, six partners were identified as being exposed to the risk of forced or compulsory labor. None of them were active suppliers during the 2025 reporting period.

Learn more about risk management and classification under GRI 408-1.

In São Paulo, the Araribá Indigenous Territory is located in Avaí (SP), and the Tekoa Nhanderu Porã village is in São Miguel Arcanjo (SP), both within a three-kilometer radius of Bracell’s forestry operations. The Araribá Indigenous Land, demarcated by the Government of São Paulo in 1910, comprises four villages (Tereguá, Ekeruá, Kopenoti and Nimuendaju), covers 1,900 hectares, and is home to 671 people. The Tekoa Nhanderu Porã village covers 34.55 hectares and has 20 residents who have lived there since 2022. There are no other indigenous communities located near Bracell’s other operational sites. 

In 2025, Bracell did not develop any formal consultation protocols for indigenous peoples. Seven meetings were held during the year between Bracell representatives, FUNAI, and indigenous leaders from the Araribá Indigenous Territory. The purpose was to present and provide updates on operational activities carried out by Bracell in the area surrounding the indigenous land, including activity schedules, operational details, the complaints channel, and preventive and mitigating measures for potential impacts on the community. These meetings were also an opportunity to elicit the perceptions of the indigenous community regarding Bracell’s activities, helping to enhance the effectiveness of implemented measures. Additional topics addressed included complaints and related follow-up actions, a project for the restoration of protected areas, and donations. 

These discussions are held prior to the start of operations through culturally appropriate engagement, in which information about Bracell’s activities is presented in clear language. This approach provides an opportunity for indigenous representatives to express their concerns, which are then reviewed and addressed by Bracell.

All meetings were documented through attendance lists, photographs and minutes, with prior permission being sought for data collection from participants, totaling 34 individuals, including 15 representatives from Bracell, 11 from the indigenous land, six from Consultoria Synergia and two from the indigenous authority, Funai. Villages are consulted through their leaders, and 100% have chiefs or vice-chiefs as representatives.

The stakeholder engagement process is inclusive of the entire community, including women and elders, and allows sufficient time for the community to be informed about issues and for Bracell to address the needs, aspirations and concerns shared by indigenous peoples during interactions with the company.

In 2025, the meetings with villages were scheduled by the Brazilian indigenous authority, Funai, which attempted to schedule meetings during hours that accommodated indigenous communities’ routine activities, and informed them in advance of the start and end times of meetings, as well as the topics to be discussed. These meetings included the participation of individuals residing in urban areas (representatives of the company, Funai and Consultoria Synergia).

A separate meeting was also held between representatives of Bracell, Funai, indigenous leaders and Consultoria Synergia to present the Work Plan for conducting a study in the Araribá Indigenous Land. Synergia was engaged due to its expertise in the field, and because it was recommended by indigenous leaders.

The study included a social and environmental assessment of the Araribá Indigenous Land, identification of legal and customary rights of the indigenous population, identification and characterization of sites of special significance and containing High Social Conservation Value for indigenous peoples, assessment of the impacts of Bracell’s forestry operations on the indigenous land, and a work plan for Bracell’s activities in the territory. The study did not identify any cases of violation of indigenous peoples’ rights.

Bracell implements community engagement initiatives, impact assessments, and development programs across all operations. Our Integrated Management System includes environmental and social impact, risk, and opportunity matrices for both forestry and mill operations.

The results of our environmental and social impact assessments are shared with our stakeholders. Through this practice, we reaffirm our commitment to transparency and corporate accountability.

Local development plans are built around the needs and priorities expressed by local communities, ensuring that initiatives reflect their interests.

Likewise, external stakeholder engagement plans are based on stakeholder mapping to ensure effective communication and alignment with stakeholder expectations.

To encourage active community participation in managing the impacts of our forestry operations, we have established committees and broad consultation processes involving members of local communities, including vulnerable groups. For communities located in the areas of influence of our forestry and mill operations, our Community Relations department engages regularly with local residents, keeping them informed about impacts and the mitigation measures in place.

We have formal procedures in place for documenting and addressing community concerns and complaints. Through ongoing engagement, the Community Relations team broadly disseminates information about our Contact Us hotline (0800 709 1490 in São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás and Paraná and 0800 284 4747 in Bahia and Sergipe) to residents living near our forestry operations. Additional initiatives include awareness campaigns on forest fire prevention and the display of our contact channel on company vehicles operating in the field to receive feedback and complaints specifically related to our fleet operations.

Community relationship building and engagement practices

Committees	Community associations are commonplace in the region where we operate in Bahia. Bracell has established committees and other permanent channels to help cultivate good relationships with associations and engage closely with community leaders in each region. We also support public institutions such as the Civil and Military Police, Public Prosecutor’s Office, the Judiciary, and other governmental agencies. For our operations in São Paulo, community engagement takes place through one-on-one conversations with local residents and through meetings with community groups when local leaders are present.
Community surveys	We conduct on-site visits to survey the communities neighboring our operations. These surveys identify resident families, community leaders, and the key needs and aspirations of each community. We also assess existing infrastructure, potential impacts from our operations, as well as the presence of traditional communities, indigenous peoples, or Areas of High Social and/or Cultural Heritage Value.
Impact Zoning Map	We map our planting, preservation, and enrichment areas to identify Bracell’s activities across the areas where we operate. Communities situated within these zones are categorized according to their level of influence on our operations and projects. We also identify any traditional communities, including quilombola and indigenous settlements. This mapping exercise, conducted by the Planning team, provides a visual overview of the areas covered and the distribution of communities, including quilombola communities in Bahia and indigenous communities in São Paulo.
Stakeholder Mapping and Matrix	Community database information is managed through a stakeholder matrix, which collates stakeholder data including host municipality, representative organization, type of institution, contact information, level of influence, stakeholder profile, and key interests. In 2025, Bracell’s stakeholder matrix in Bahia expanded compared to 2024, totaling 2,014 stakeholders. The engagement profile indicates predominantly positive or stable perceptions: 49% are favorable and 46% neutral, while only 5% hold an unfavorable view of the company’s operations.
Community meetings	We convene gatherings to keep stakeholders abreast of Bracell’s forestry management operations, including planting, harvesting, haulage, and other operations near communities. During these sessions, we address inquiries, document grievances, and identify communities’ primary needs. We also provide informational materials about the company and available communication channels. Discussions are also held with indigenous communities. In the Northeast, there are no records of indigenous peoples within our forest properties (see GRI 411-1 Incidents of violations involving rights of indigenous peoples).
Operational outreach in São Paulo and Bahia	Bracell directly engages with and monitors impacts on neighbors and communities near eucalyptus farms, including indigenous peoples (in São Paulo, learn more in GRI 411-1 Incidents of violations involving rights of indigenous peoples) and quilombola communities (in Bahia, where they are located).   In Bahia, Bracell holds meetings to share information about planting, harvesting, transportation, and other activities. During these meetings, we answer questions, document complaints, identify community needs, and map out areas of concern.   In São Paulo, impact monitoring and risk management is done in three stages: pre-operation, during operation, and post-operation. The focus is on prevention and, when necessary, implementing mitigation measures to minimize impacts.
Production and distribution of informational materials	We advertise our “Contact Us” channel in our “operational outreach” kit, which includes informational brochures about the forestry cycle, videos with information about eucalyptus cultivation, forest fire campaign materials, and copies of the company’s Public Forestry Management Brief.

In 2025, we carried out engagement and relationship-building activities with communities in 114 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, 16 in Minas Gerais, 2 in Goiás, and 3 in Paraná. In the Northeast, these activities covered 44 municipalities, including 41 in Bahia and 3 in Sergipe, such as Alagoinhas, Aporá, Araçás, Catu, Cardeal da Silva, Dias D’Ávila, Entre Rios, Esplanada, Itanagra, Jandaira, Mata de São João, Ouriçangas, Pojuca, Santo Amaro and São Sebastião do Passé in Bahia, as well as Cristianápolis, Santa Luzia do Itanhy and Indiaroba in Sergipe.

In the Midwest, Southeast, and South, operational impacts identified included noise pollution and odors around our industrial sites and, in forestry operations, excessive dust, road damage or blockages, speeding, chemical drift, and property damage—all of which were mitigated.

However, the number of complaints filed in São Paulo increased from 363 in 2024 to 449 in 2025. This increase was due to the expansion of forestry operations, which led to more complaints related to third-party property damage, dust from truck traffic, and service road damage. Complaints related to speeding decreased. The rise in reported cases was also influenced by our efforts to advertise reporting channels and by the stronger relationships we have built with local communities.

Mill and forestry operations (São Paulo)

Complaints	2023	2024	2025
Damage to third-party property	41	88	240
Airborne dust caused by trucks and machinery	37	101	116
Road maintenance	63	113	0
Road damage	0	28	236
Maintenance of roads, bridges and culverts	0	0	0
Speeding	0	26	30
Fence maintenance	27	6	0
Others	3	1	0
Total	168	362	622
Total mill and forestry	171	363	622
Note 1: The “Other” category includes events related to industrial operations. Note 2: In 2025, the increase in reports in São Paulo compared to the previous year resulted from the intensification of forestry operations. The main topics involved damage to third-party property, dust generation from truck traffic, damage to roads and access routes, while complaints about speeding decreased. The growth in the number of reports also reflects the improved effectiveness of communication channels and the strengthening of relationships with local communities, which encouraged the use of official channels for handling cases.

 

Mill and forestry operations (Bahia)

Complaints	2023	2024	2025
Damage to third-party property	12	14	9
Roads	14	6	13
Oil leakage	0	0	1
Dust (forestry operations only)	8	2	17
Contractors (complaints from contractors directed to their contracting companies)	14	18	23
Dangerous driving	11	9	7
Noise	2	0	1
Odor	1	1	1
Others	16	11	10
Total mill and forestry	78	61	82

Note 1: the complaints category were updated compared to the 2024 reporting cycle to enhance data transparency (GRI 2-4).
Note 2: the category “odor” was included for Bahia pulp operation and its historical number of complaints. “Oil leakage” was included as a reporting category starting in 2025. There are no previous records of this type of complaint. The complaint refers to an oil leak from machinery operated by a third-party service provider during forestry activities. The incident was identified through the whistleblowing hotline (Contact Us channel) and was promptly mitigated by the contractor, which removed the affected soil and sent it for remediation by a specialized company (GRI 2-4).
Note 3: the category “Other” refers to complaints recorded only once throughout the year, regardless of whether they originated from forestry or industrial operations.
Note 4: In 2025, there was a reduction in the number of complaints related to property damage and traffic recklessness. Conversely, there was an increase in reports of road damage, dust incidence, and contractor-related complaints, driven by the implementation of new forestry projects and the expansion of operations from 42 to 44 municipalities. The rise in complaints is also attributable to the enhanced visibility of the “Contact Us” channel (for submitting complaints and grievances) and the strengthening of engagement initiatives with local communities.

Our approach to procurement and supplier management follows corporate policies and internal procedures within our Integrated Management System, which governs social (occupational health, workplace safety, labor rights, child and adolescent rights, Diversity & Inclusion, human rights, social risks and impacts) matters.

Social criteria are evaluated as part of our approach to managing contractors working directly in our facilities. Through our Contract Management System, we review and monitor contractor documentation demonstrating compliance with legal requirements, including clauses from collective bargaining agreements, mandatory technical and operational training, occupational health criteria, and operating licenses. This applies to all suppliers, including new suppliers.

Processes involved in supplier management:

• Third-party due diligence: before formal engagement, all suppliers undergo due diligence screening. This process is conducted in accordance with Bracell’s policies on Third-Party Due Diligence, Supplier Qualification and Evaluation, Sustainability, and Human Rights.
• Environmental compliance validation: as part of the onboarding and screening process, suppliers acknowledge and agree to follow Bracell’s Procurement Code of Ethics. In our operations, suppliers are evaluated regarding their management of environmental risks and impacts.
• Social compliance validation: social requirements and risks are assessed as part of our approach to managing contractors operating directly at our facilities. The contractor management process includes verifying compliance with labor rights such as compensation, collective bargaining agreements, training, occupational health and safety, among other mandatory requirements for managing social risks. This is done through the Contract Management System, where contractual documents are stored and compliance with legal requirements is verified.
• Supplier evaluation and qualification: we assess suppliers’ capability to deliver products and services in accordance with legal, certification, and technical standards.
• Audits: we perform audits on all operations employing contractors.

We use the Linkana platform to enhance supplier screening and monitoring on environmental management criteria, impact prevention, and fulfillment of commitments to sustainable practices. These assessments cover compliance with national and international environmental standards, public data from the Federal Revenue Service, clearance certificates, block lists, and sustainability indexes. After data validation, a confidence score informs risk recommendations and directs the process toward automatic or manual approval workflows.

In 2025, no suppliers were identified as being responsible for negative social impacts. Suppliers for whom negative social impacts were identified were not approved to continue providing services.

Percentage of new suppliers selected based on social criteria	2025
Total number of new suppliers considered for contracting	1,816
Total number of new suppliers contracted based on social criteria	1,776
Percentage of new suppliers contracted based on social criteria (%)	97.80%

Note: in 2025, 32 suppliers approved under Bracell’s procurement process were found to have environmental nonconformities. However, they remained approved based on Linkana’s structured risk-management methodology, which assigns supplier ratings from A to E across Compliance, Environmental Legal, and Financial dimensions. Following a comprehensive review—including Compliance validation (when applicable), environmental impact assessment, and materiality analysis—the nonconformities were deemed non-critical to operational risks. For each case, corrective action and follow-up plans were formalized in accordance with Bracell’s supplier approval documentation matrix.

We actively monitor social risks involving contractors working directly in our operations. In 2025, suppliers for whom negative social impacts were identified were subject to approval and/or rejection in accordance with internal procedures.

Suppliers with negative social impacts	2025
Number of suppliers assessed for social impacts	1,776
Number of suppliers identified as having significant actual and potential negative social impacts	393
Significant actual and potential negative social impacts identified in the supply chain	1 – Labor Infraction Notices – Child Labor (Headquarters and branches)
Number of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative social impacts, with whom improvements were agreed as a result of the assessment	388
Percentage of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative social impacts, with whom improvements were agreed as a result of the assessment	98.73%
Number of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative social impacts with whom business relationships were terminated as a result of the assessment	5
Percentage of suppliers identified as causing significant actual and potential negative social impacts with whom business relationships were terminated as a result of the assessment	1.27%
Reasons that led to the termination	In 2025, a total of 388 suppliers were approved despite the identification of social nonconformities, following a structured risk assessment conducted via the Linkana platform. Linkana classifies suppliers on an A–E scale across three dimensions—Compliance, Environmental Legal, and Financial. Of the approved suppliers, 98% (381 suppliers) presented a finding related to the CAT (Work Accident Communication, in Portuguese) document. This type of finding is recurrent in the market and, based on Bracell’s materiality criteria, does not constitute a critical risk to business continuity. In line with the Supplier Management Procedure, all cases were reviewed by the Compliance department where applicable, and formal follow-up plans were established to implement the necessary corrective actions, as set forth in the approval documentation matrix. Under the document scoring methodology, a CAT-related finding results in a deduction of seven (7) points from the supplier’s final score. Considering the recurring nature of this specific finding in the market, the elevated number of suppliers in this category is expected and, by itself, does not represent a material impediment to continued contracting.

Nota: Em 2025, 388 fornecedores foram aprovados com apontamentos sociais após avaliação de risco via plataforma Linkana, que classifica os parceiros de A a E, considerando critérios de Compliance, Jurídico Ambiental e Financeiro. Desse total, 98% (381 parceiros) apresentaram apontamento de risco relacionado ao documento CAT (Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho), uma ocorrência recorrente no mercado que não representa risco crítico à continuidade do negócio. Seguindo o Procedimento de Gestão de Fornecedores, os casos foram validados por Compliance (quando aplicável), sendo estabelecidos planos de acompanhamento para as correções necessárias, conforme previsto na matriz de documentos para aprovação. De acordo com a matriz de pontuação de documentos, o apontamento no documento CAT resulta na redução de 7 pontos no score final do fornecedor. Considerando a recorrência desse tipo de apontamento no mercado, entende-se o elevado número de fornecedores com essa classificação, sem que isso represente, por si só, um risco relevante para a continuidade da contratação.

In 2025, Bracell’s Scope 1 fossil emissions accounted for 52% of the total, amounting to 976,020.89 tCO₂e, a 33% increase compared to the previous year. This increase was mainly driven by higher consumption of fossil fuels in industrial operations and an expanded wood sourcing radius in forest logistics, consequently increasing total diesel consumption.

The Company reports biogenic CO₂ emissions separately, including those associated with biomass combustion, the use of renewable biofuels in the fleet, the occurrence of forest fires, and the dynamics of eucalyptus management. In accordance with the GHG Protocol and the IPCC, these emissions are accounted for separately from fossil emissions, as they originate from renewable biomass that removes CO₂ from the atmosphere during its growth.

The inventory is prepared in accordance with the guidelines of ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1, the GHG Protocol, and the methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with consolidation based on operational control, using 2025 as the corporate base year and applying the operational control approach. The greenhouse gases considered in the calculation of Scope 1 emissions were CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, and SF₆.

Emissions (tCO2e)	2023	2024	2025
Scope 1	597,454.00	731,362.80	976,020.89
Scope 1 – Biogenic	10,810,512.98	9,156,105.51	18,096,569.75

Note: The Scope 1 biogenic emissions above include stationary combustion (biomass), mobile combustion, agricultural activities, and land-use change.

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory follows the methodological guidance set out in the latest version of the ABNT NBR ISO 14064 standard, the GHG Protocol, and the quantification methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The GHG Emissions Inventory is conducted at a corporate level, covering the pulp production units in São Paulo and Bahia, as well as forest operations in both states.

To manage the material topic of climate change, we rely on policies, action planning, target setting, and continuous monitoring of the results of our initiatives in this area. We seek to operate within a low-carbon economy and adapt to a scenario of a planet with a higher average temperature.

Under Bracell 2030, we have established commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the Climate Action pillar.

The table below presents our 2025 performance:

CLIMATE ACTION

No	2030 Target	2020 Baseline	2030 Target	2025 Target	2025 Performance	2024 Performance	SDGs Addressed
1	Reduce carbon emissions per metric ton of product by 75%, targeting 0.122 tCO₂e/adt	0.482 tCO2e/adt	0.122 tCO2e/adt	0.141 tCO2e/adt	0.255 tCO2e/adt	0.208 tCO2 e	13, 14, 15
2	25 MtCO₂e removed from the atmosphere between 2020 and 2030	NA	25 MtCO2e	13.9 MtCO2e	6 MtCO2	4.30 MtCO2	13, 14, 15

Bracell 2030 includes two commitments related to the material topic of Climate Change. Our targets were developed based on an assessment of risks and impacts—both positive and negative—of Bracell’s operations in the context of climate change. Our operations both emit greenhouse gases (GHG) and capture CO₂ from the atmosphere through the growth of planted eucalyptus forests and the conservation of native vegetation areas under the Company’s management.

By 2030, we have committed to reducing our carbon emissions intensity by 75% per tonne of product manufactured, using 2020 as the base year for comparison. This corresponds to reaching 0.122 tCO₂e/adt. Additionally, we aim to remove 25 MtCO₂e from the atmosphere over a ten-year period—from 2020 to 2030.

For 2025, we established interim targets of achieving 0.141 tCO₂e/adt and removing 13.9 MtCO₂e. The measured results are detailed below:

Target 1: reduce carbon emissions per metric ton of product by 75%, targeting 0.122 tCO₂e/adt.

From 2020 to 2025, we reduced carbon emissions per metric ton of product by 47%, reaching 0.255 tCO₂e/adt.

Although we achieved a 47% reduction in emissions intensity over this period, several factors contributed to not meeting the target set for 2025. The reduction was negatively impacted mainly by increased mobile combustion in our operations and higher use of natural gas and fuel oil in industrial processes.

On the other hand, we recorded significant progress in 2025. The occurrence of fires in our forest areas was substantially reduced, resulting in an 84% decrease in emissions associated with these events.

Additionally, at our Bahia industrial site, we modernized pulp production with the implementation of a new cooking line. This technology, which became operational in early October 2025, reduced steam demand in the process, contributing to a 3% reduction in the plant’s total natural gas consumption.

We continue to implement initiatives to mitigate climate-related impacts and advance toward the decarbonization of our operations. Investments in testing electric trucks for pulp transportation, as well as in the generation and use of renewable energy, are examples further detailed in the Energy Efficiency chapter.

Target 2: 25MtCO₂e removed between 2020 and 2030

From 2020 to 2025, we removed 6 MtCO₂e. This figure reflects the carbon balance of our operations, i.e., the difference between total removals and anthropogenic emissions and biogenic LULUCF emissions (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry).

The result represents progress compared to the cumulative total recorded up to 2025, reflecting the continued carbon removals associated with our forest operations.

However, climate-related factors contributed to not meeting the target set for 2025. Performance was mainly impacted by adverse weather conditions observed in recent years, characterized by higher temperatures and reduced rainfall, which led to water deficits and directly affected forest productivity. As the growth of eucalyptus forests is directly linked to the capacity to remove CO₂ from the atmosphere, these conditions constrained the expected removal potential over the period.

Bracell has an action plan to mitigate its climate-related impacts and increase the resilience of its operations in the face of climate change. Key initiatives include: monitoring carbon and water fluxes in planted eucalyptus forests; investments in forest research and development (R&D); integrated management of climate-related risks and impacts; and the development of climate zoning studies. Further details can be found in the chapters Monitoring Carbon and Water Fluxes in Planted Eucalyptus Forests and Climate Zoning Study.

Climate Action

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other significant air emissions
Substance	Site	Bahia Pulp			São Paulo Pulp			Bracell
		2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025
NOX	t	451.93	448.42	384.55	2,847.74	3,131.48	2,933.80	3,299.64	3,579.90	3,318.35
SOX	t	30.47	39.65	40.27	139.89	59.05	55.13	170.36	98.70	95.40
MP	t	197.30	199.99	220.60	643.26	473.22	433.27	840.56	673.21	653.87
TRS	t	2.70	12.57	16.12	43.04	30.93	93.00	45.74	43.50	109.12

 

Note 1: Emissions were calculated through direct measurement using continuous analyzers in the production line. All reported values are expressed in t/year.

Note 2: In the state of São Paulo, Bracell’s atmospheric emissions were calculated based on emission factors provided by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (Cetesb). The methodology followed Board Decision No. 10/2010/P, dated January 12, 2010.

Note 3: In Bahia, the methodology followed the guidelines established by Ordinance No. 18,841, dated August 3, 2019, specifically regarding the maintenance of the atmospheric emissions monitoring plan to ensure compliance with standards based on daily average values, covering TRS, PM, SOx, and NOx. The provisions of CONAMA Resolution No. 382, dated December 26, 2006, were also followed.

Note 4: As Bracell’s operations do not involve processes that result in significant emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), these pollutants are not monitored.

Note 5: Due to the materiality of the topic, the Company began reporting these data from 2023 onwards, including emissions of NOx, SO₂, and particulate matter.

Note 6: Data consider reporting for EU Ecolabel and Nordic Swan certifications for kraft pulp.

Note 7: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) are among the most critical air pollutants due to their direct and indirect impacts on climate and human health. These pollutants are mainly generated by the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes.

These substances affect the environment and human health, contributing to the formation of acid rain, which damages ecosystems and structures, and to the occurrence of respiratory problems. Therefore, they reinforce the need to control and reduce emissions to mitigate their impacts.

We have set a target to ensure that our mills are self-sufficient in energy generation. To the extent possible, we use electricity from the national grid only during scheduled maintenance shutdowns. In these cases, we source electricity from the national grid, which derives approximately 85% of its electricity from renewable sources—mainly hydro, wind, and solar.

Electricity is also purchased for forestry and port operations, nurseries and offices.

Brazil’s energy mix is an important advantage for Bracell’s operations, with a high share of renewable sources such as hydro, wind, and solar. This improves operations efficiency and reflects our commitment to sustainable practices. Although variability in energy supply can affect availability and cost during dry periods, a diversified mix of predominantly renewable sources helps mitigate these impacts and ensure stable and sustainable operations.

Total energy consumed	Bahia Pulp	São Paulo Pulp	Southeast Paper1	Northeast Paper
Total energy consumption (GJ)²	17,066,281.82	58,470,266.72	718,976.87	1,312,918.63
Percentage grid electricity	2.65%	0.51%	0.00%	13.26%
Percentage biomass³	78.36%	87.41%	95.66%	45.61%
Percentage of renewable energy (excluding biomass)	0.00%	0.08%	3.12%	0.00%
Self-generated energy (GJ)	3,111,481.48	53,254,398.41	22.419.20	598.767.86

Notes:

1. Our Southeast paper operations use electricity generated as part of the pulp production process. As a result, this site does not purchase energy from external sources.
2. Energy consumed = energy generated + energy purchased – energy sold.
3. Both black liquor and biomass were included in the “Percentage biomass” metric.

The reported water withdrawal volume for the São Paulo Celulose and Papéis Sudeste operations includes only the pulp mill’s primary sources: six licensed groundwater wells and one surface water intake on the Tietê River.

The total water withdrawal volume for our Bahia Pulp operations includes exclusively the primary sources at the pulp mill: eleven groundwater wells.

Bracell Papéis was established in 2023 and reported its environmental performance for the first time in 2024. Bracell Papéis Sudeste does not operate any direct water withdrawal points (surface or groundwater); instead, it uses water sourced through the Bracell Pulp production site.

The water withdrawal volume for the Papéis Nordeste operation refers to our mills in Feira de Santana (BA). At the São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) sites, there are no water withdrawals as these facilities use dry processing.

Bracell does not withdraw water in water-stressed areas.

Learn more about Bracell’s risk assessment methodology under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Surface water withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2,198	0	2,198	29,456	0	29,456	4,811	0	4,811	64,927	0	64,927	25,351	0	25,351	18,181	0	18,181
São Paulo Pulp	309,165	0	309,165	328,484	12,947,445	13,275,929	314,537	49,223,892	49,538,429	457,789	52,016,479	52,474,269	550,327	49,972,528	50,522,855	666,462.80	52,248,000	52,914,462
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	19,445	19,445
Bracell	311,363	0	311,363	357,940	12,947,445	13,305,385	319,348	49,223,892	49,543,240	522,716	52,016,479	52,539,196	575,678	51,117,132	51,692,810	684,643	53,498,947	54,183,591

Surface water withdrawals (ML)
Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2	0	2	29	0	29	5	0	5	65	0	65	25	0	25	18	0	18
São Paulo Pulp	309	0	309	328	12,947	13,276	315	49,224	49,538	458	52,016	52,474	550	49,973	50,523	667	52,248	52,915
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,145	1,145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	19	19
Bracell	311	0	311	358	12,947	13,305	319	49,224	49,543	523	52,016	52,539	576	51,117	51,693	685	53,499	54,184

Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target. 

Groundwater withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	889,754	14,720,841	15,610,595	872,245	14,559,672	15,431,917	851,887	15,145,471	15,997,358	874,462	15,738,831	16,613,293	827,071	15,681,068	16,508,139	65,246.4	14,845,602	15,501,848
São Paulo Pulp	282,428	6,831,882	7,114,310	395,258	7,071,663	7,466,921	405,286	6,520,494	6,925,780	556,641	4,342,162	4,898,803	486,285	4,231,181	4,717,466	801,777	5,029,262	5,831,038.94
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0,00	0,00	0,00
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0,00	157,886.479	157,886.48
Bracell	889,754	14,720,841	22,724,905	1,267,503	21,631,336	22,898,838	1,257,173	21,665,965	22,923,138	1,431,103	20,080,993	21,512,096	1,313,356	20,126,433	21,439,789	1,458,024	20,032,750	21,490,774

Groundwater withdrawals (ML)
Operação	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total
Bahia Pulp	890	14,721	15,611	872	14,560	15,432	852	15,145	15,997	874	15,739	16,613	827	15,681	16,508	656	14,846	15,502
São Paulo Pulp	282	6,832	7,114	395	7,072	7,467	405	6,520	6,926	557	4,342	4,899	486	4,231	4,717	802	5,029	5,831
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214.184	214.18	N/A	157.886	157.886
Bracell	1,172	21,553	22,725	1,268	21,631	22,899	1,257	21,666	22,923	1,431	20,081	21,512	1,313	19,912	21,226	1,458	20,032	21,490

Total water withdrawal (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	891,952	14,720,841	15,612,793	901,701	14,559,672	15,461,373	856,698	15,145,471	16,002,169	939,389	15,738,831	16,678,220	852,422	15,681,068	16,533,490	674,427	14,845,602	15,520,029
São Paulo Pulp	591,593	6,831,882	7,423,475	723,742	20,019,108	20,742,850	719,823	55,744,386	56,464,209	1,014,430	56,358,642	57,373,072	1,036,612	54,203,709	55,240,321	1,468,240,01	57,277,261	58,745,501
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0	177,331	177,331
Bracell	1,483,545	21,552,723	23,036,268	1,625,443	34,578,781	36,204,224	1,576,521	70,889,856	72,466,377	1,953,819	72,097,472	74,051,291	1,889,034	71,243,565	73,132,599	2,142,667	73,531,697	75,674,364

Total water withdrawal (ML)
Operação	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	892	14,721	15,613	902	14,560	15,461	857	15,145	16,002	939	15,739	16,678	852	15,681	16,533	674	14,846	15,520
São Paulo Pulp	592	6,832	7,423	724	20,019	20,743	720	55,744	56,464	1.014	56,359	57,373	1,037	54,204	55,240	1,469	57,277	58,746
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.145	1.145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214	214	N/A	177	177
Bracell	1,484	21,553	23,036	1,625	34,579	36,204	1,577	70,890	72,466	1,954	72,097	74,051	1,889	71,244	73,133	2,143	73,531	75,674

Note 1: the data presented refers to water withdrawal volumes in megaliters (ML), in accordance to the reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. In the other tables, volumes are also presented in cubic meters (m³) due to the calculation standards adopted for Bracell 2030 targets.

Note 2: in 2023, Paper Southeast mill started operating. In 2025, Bracell started reporting sustainability performance disclosure (2024 performance) for tissue operations. Paper Southeast operation does not have its own water abstraction points (surface or groundwater), using water already withdrawn by Bracell’s industrial site in Lençóis Paulista (SP), where pulp production takes place. 

Note 3: the water withdrawal volumes for São Paulo Pulp and Tissue Southeast operations consider exclusively the primary sources of the pulp mill, namely: six groundwater wells and one surface water abstraction from the Tietê River. 

Note 4: the water withdrawal volume for the Paper Northeast operation considers the industrial unit situated in Feira de Santana (state of Bahia). At the sites of São Gonçalo dos Campos (state of Bahia) and Pombos (state of Pernambuco). There is no water withdrawal, as the industrial processes employed are considered dry processes.

Note 5: the water withdrawal volume for forestry operations encompasses water abstraction from officially licensed (permitted) abstraction points located in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná, in addition to the state of São Paulo. All licensed abstraction points are subject to systematic control and monitoring by the Forestry Environmental Department of Bracell São Paulo Pulp. Further details on forestry water management practices are disclosed under GRI 3-3 – Management of the material topic Water and Effluents.

Bracell operates pulp production facilities in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia) and the Lençóis Paulista Industrial Park (São Paulo), along with Tissue manufacturing facilities in Lençóis Paulista (SP), Pombos (PE), Feira de Santana (BA), and São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA). Our pulp business also includes forestry operations—from planting through harvesting—in the states of Bahia, São Paulo, and Sergipe.

Water and effluent management is a material topic for Bracell. Our management practices include clearly defined reduction targets for water use in pulp production, as well as policies and initiatives to protect water resources and preserve regional watersheds. We have set targets to improve operational water efficiency, mitigate water availability risks and impacts, and optimize effluent management practices.

We monitor and control water withdrawal, discharge, and consumption across both our mill and forestry operations. Our Integrated Management System comprises corporate policies, standard operating procedures, and risk, aspect and impact matrixes. These policies and procedures comply with the requirements of ISO 14001, ISO 9001, Forestry Certification Endorsement Program (PEFC) certification requirements, applicable Brazilian legislation, regulatory standards and international sustainability management protocols.

The Environmental and Certification teams in our forestry and mill operations manage our Integrated Management System. These teams report annually to their respective General Operations Managers on continuous improvement in environmental performance and certification compliance.

The consequence of water scarcity risk is considered high, regardless of the plant’s location or the source of water withdrawals, whether groundwater or surface water. The variation in risk levels is driven by the likelihood of water scarcity, which may differ according to the edaphoclimatic conditions—relating to soil and climate—of the region where the plant operates.

Regarding discharge-related risks, these vary depending on factors that may increase or reduce the level of contamination in the recipient water body, as well as on the specific processes existing in each mill. Risks associated with water withdrawal and effluent discharge have been mapped, or are planned to be mapped, across all Bracell operations in Brazil, in line with the risk assessment methodology referenced under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Bracell Camaçari (BA) is a member of the Water Resources Management Plan (PGRH) of the Camaçari Industrial Park, lead by CETREL, which establishes requirements and guidelines for monitoring groundwater and surface water quality within the facility. Ongoing assessments are conducted under this framework to support the mitigation of water management risks in the region. According to the most recent water zoning study conducted by CETREL, two of Bracell Camaçari’s eleven wells are located in an area subject to restrictions on groundwater withdrawal due to contamination risk. Although no evidence of contamination has been identified in these wells, the phreatic portion of the aquifer is affected by contaminants and, despite groundwater withdrawals occurring from confined layers, there remains some degree of vulnerability to pollution. Appropriate steps have already been agreed on with the CETREL team. The remaining wells are located in areas classified as groundwater extraction control zones. 

As part of Bracell 2030, our sustainability roadmap, we have set a target for improving water efficiency in our mill processes. By 2030, we aim to achieve a 47% reduction in water intensity per metric ton of pulp produced, reaching 16.6 m³/adt. In 2025, our water intensity stood at 19.9 m³/adt, in line with our target for the year.

In our forestry operations, eucalyptus planting is informed by a climate zoning study conducted by our Forest R&D team. This study analyzes historical climate data such as precipitation, temperature, and latitude. Based on collected data, land with greater water availability may be recommended (read more about our management approach in Climate Action).

We are actively engaged in reducing the use of harmful chemicals and inorganic fertilizers in our forestry operations, which can contaminate soil and water resources. In line with international conventions, including the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, we are phasing out sulfluramid and exploring safer alternatives for managing leaf-cutting ants. Our teams participate in collaborative research programs and conduct in-house testing to identify safer substitutes.

To further reduce synthetic fertilizer use, Bracell is exploring the application of organomineral fertilizers produced from organic waste generated by our own facilities. A composting plant feasibility study is currently underway. In 2024, we also began producing potassium sulfate from an effluent stream in our pulp production process, reducing our reliance on imported potassium chloride.

List of chemicals used

Category	Active ingredient
Fungicide	Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole
Fungicide	Mancozeb + Azoxystrobin
Fungicide	Metconazole
Fungicide	Pyraclostrobin
Fungicide	Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin
Herbicide	Flumioxazin
Herbicide	Fluroxypyr + Triclopyr
Herbicide	Glyphosate
Herbicide	Haloxyfop
Herbicide	Haloxyfop + Clethodim
Herbicide	Indaziflam
Herbicide	Isoxaflutole
Herbicide	Oxyfluorfen
Herbicide	Saflufenacil
Herbicide	Sulfentrazone
Herbicide	Triclopyr
Insecticide	Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Alpha-cypermethrin
Insecticide	Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Deltamethrin
Insecticide	Fipronil
Insecticide	Imidacloprid
Insecticide	Isocycloseram
Insecticide	Sulfluramid
Insecticide	Thiamethoxam

Water withdrawal management

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia), water is withdrawn from 11 groundwater wells located near the plant within the Recôncavo Norte Watershed. These withdrawals are made under a permit from the Bahia State Environmental Agency (Inema). We also withdraw groundwater at our Bracell Papéis plant in the Northeast, in Feira de Santana (BA), via 14 deep cased wells operating under a permit issued by Inema. The wells are continuously monitored for flow rate, water table levels, and hydro accordance with regulations.

At our Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, water is sourced from six deep cased wells and surface water drawn from the Tietê River, at an intake 22 km from the mill. The site also has a system to collect rainwater. We additionally operate groundwater withdrawal systems at two nurseries in São Paulo: one in Lençóis Paulista and another in Avaí.

Our forestry operations, which supply raw material to both the Camaçari and Lençóis Paulista mills, similarly withdraw both surface and groundwater. Across all operations, our water withdrawal points are distributed as follows: 37 in Bahia, 338 in São Paulo, 44 in Minas Gerais, 7 in Paraná, and 4 in Goiás. All withdrawals are made under permits issued by the respective environmental authorities. Withdrawal points are periodically monitored in accordance with license requirements (learn more under GRI 303-3 Water withdrawal).

In Bahia, we withdraw surface water from six major rivers: Pojuca, Subaúma, Itariri, Inhambupe, Sauípe and Imbassaí. In São Paulo, withdrawals are made from 10 designated Water Resource Management Units (UGRHIs): Aguapeí, Peixe, Upper Paranapanema, Middle Paranapanema, Pontal do Paranapanema, Tietê Batalha, Tietê Jacaré, Tietê Sorocaba, Piracicaba/Capivari/Jundiaí, and Mogi-Guaçu. In Minas Gerais, our water sources include Ribeirão da Onça, Ribeirão Jacurutu and its tributaries, Rio do Peixe, Córrego Sobrado, and Rio Jequitaí. In Paraná, water is withdrawn from Ribeirão Jundiaí. In Goiás, water is withdrawn from a tributary of the Rio Corrente.

We evaluate potential impacts on water resources using an impact matrix that accounts for the scale and intensity of forestry activities. Based on this analysis, we implement preventive and mitigation measures as needed. Regular water quality assessments are conducted to evaluate the effects of our forestry operations. As of 2025, the results indicate no adverse impacts.

Water Resources Monitoring Program

Our Water Resource Monitoring Plan tracks withdrawal volumes to ensure compliance with permit requirements and licensing covenants issued by environmental authorities.

Water management in the Camaçari Industrial Park is overseen by an independent firm that monitors both water availability and quality. The district’s Water Resources Management Plan includes risk assessments and action plans for 100% of tenants (read more about effluent management under GRI 303-4 Water discharge).

Bracell protects natural watercourses with vegetated buffer zones. We use official data from the Rural Environmental Register (CAR) to georeference information about the farms we manage. In our geographic information system, we intersect this data with other data sets, such as those compiled in our protected areas and buffer zones. This informs our operational procedures on each property, depending on the constraints and conditions set in management plans (read more in Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity).

Consumption management

Our facilities use partially closed-loop water systems that support water recycling throughout the production process, minimizing freshwater withdrawals.

At our new Tissue facility in Lençóis Paulista (SP), water used in manufacturing is extracted directly from the pulp, purified within the process, and then reused. This reduces water intake and enhances overall water efficiency.

At Bracell Papéis Nordeste, in Feira de Santana (BA), wastewater is recovered after treatment and returned to the process, further reducing fresh water consumption. This facility is designed as a fully closed loop, with 100% of process water recycled (read more about the sustainability attributes of our operations under GRI 2-6 About Bracell).

In our nurseries, water is primarily used for seedling irrigation. In Bahia, there are also areas of planted eucalyptus forests. Excess irrigation water is directed to drainage systems, infiltrating the soil in the eucalyptus stands. In our forestry operations, water serves various purposes, including seedling watering, preparation of chemical treatment mixtures, firefighting, dust suppression and maintenance of service roads, and equipment cleaning.

In Bahia, Bracell collaborates with public agencies and local communities to help ensure water availability. Monitoring is conducted by an independent firm based in the Camaçari industrial park, which identifies potential risks and implements corrective action (see GRI 303-2 Management of water discharge-related impacts for additional information).

To ensure responsible and compliant water consumption, we conduct regular environmental monitoring across our forestry and mill sites in São Paulo and Bahia. This monitoring is performed by laboratories accredited under NBR ISO/IEC 17025 and includes assessments of both groundwater and surface water quality, as well as potability testing for human consumption, ensuring compliance with applicable regulations.

Effluent management and discharge

Our pulp production facilities are certified to ISO 14001:2015, which ensures water consumption and discharge points are systematically managed and controlled within an internal environmental management system, including consumption limits and strategies for reuse and reduction.

We are the first company in the pulp industry in São Paulo to implement three-stage effluent treatment.

Primary treatment: mechanical removal of fibers and inorganic compounds through solid-liquid separation

Secondary treatment: biological treatment of organic matter using activated sludge systems to significantly reduce organic load

Tertiary treatment: final polishing of the treated effluent through a chemical flotation system, ensuring it meets appropriate quality standards before it is returned to the Tietê River.

Tertiary effluent treatment supports high-performance removal of organic load—as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—at approximately 98% efficiency, far exceeding federal regulatory requirements (Conama Resolution 430/2011). In addition, approximately 92% of water withdrawals are returned to the Tietê River as treated effluent.

Effluent discharge limits are set in accordance with Brazilian environmental laws and standards, including Article 18 of Decree No. 8.468/1976, Article 16 of CONAMA Resolution 430/2011, the state environmental regulator’s (CETESB) Technical Reference Document, Technical Opinion 072/18/IPSE, and international eco-label standards such as Nordic Swan and the EU Ecolabel (see GRI 2-6 About Bracell for further details).

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), process water is collected post-use and pumped to Bracell’s on-site primary treatment system, which includes a sedimentation step. The organic effluent is then sent to the local utility, which performs secondary biological treatment (activated sludge), ensuring more than 95% removal of organic load. The treated effluent is then discharged into the Atlantic Ocean through a submarine outfall, in compliance with CONAMA Resolution 430/2011 and the guidelines of the Bahia state environmental authority (INEMA).

We consistently maintain quality standards that surpass national regulatory requirements, with especially rigorous monitoring of parameters like BOD and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

At our operations in São Paulo, BOD levels are approximately 98% above the threshold required by federal regulations (Conama Resolution No. 430/2011), reflecting the efficiency of our exclusive tertiary treatment system.

In our Bahia operations, regular COD monitoring ensures the primary treatment system is performing optimally. The secondary treatment stage effectively reduces organic load, though due to mixing with effluents from other industrial operators within the complex, it is not possible to measure Bracell’s isolated contribution to the final effluent discharged offshore.

In November 2025, we implemented a new washing system at our Bahia pulp mill. This upgrade is expected to positively impact effluent COD levels, with results anticipated from 2026 onward.

We conduct our forestry operations in compliance with the Forestry Certification Endorsement Program (PEFC) Standards, support environmentally compliant, socially beneficial and economically feasible operations. With the recertification of our plantation areas in 2024, a new five-year cycle begins, during which we commit to following certification standard requirements and commissioning annual third-party audits of our operations.

All pulpwood resource is verified against certification standards. In São Paulo, 71% comes from certified Bracell-managed plantations, and 29% from controlled sources. In Bahia, 81% of pulpwood is certified, while 19% comes from controlled sources.

We monitor 100% of the pulpwood resource. All shipments undergo due diligence to identify environmental and social risks and prevent the use of pulpwood from controversial sources, in line with Bracell’s commitment to not sourcing pulpwood of questionable origin.

During the year, 83 business partners—49 in São Paulo and 34 in Bahia—supplied controlled-source pulpwood to the mills in both states. Document and field inspections are conducted to verify sustainable practices such as oil spill containment, proper waste disposal, non-use of burning for clearing, and compliance with protected area and legal reserve requirements. Additionally, our Bahia operation is certified to ISO 14001 – Environmental Management Systems.

All pulpwood purchased from the market that does not hold PEFC forest management certification undergoes due diligence to ensure it can be classified as controlled and made eligible for use in the production process. Bracell applies the material risk classification metrics established by the PEFC standard. If the risk of the material originating from a controversial source is deemed negligible, it may be classified as controlled and incorporated into our management system. To complete the process, documented information is collected, reviews are conducted, and procurement is managed based on the material’s risk classification.