In 2025, Bracell’s Scope 1 fossil emissions accounted for 52% of the total, amounting to 976,020.89 tCO₂e, a 33% increase compared to the previous year. This increase was mainly driven by higher consumption of fossil fuels in industrial operations and an expanded wood sourcing radius in forest logistics, consequently increasing total diesel consumption.

The Company reports biogenic CO₂ emissions separately, including those associated with biomass combustion, the use of renewable biofuels in the fleet, the occurrence of forest fires, and the dynamics of eucalyptus management. In accordance with the GHG Protocol and the IPCC, these emissions are accounted for separately from fossil emissions, as they originate from renewable biomass that removes CO₂ from the atmosphere during its growth.

The inventory is prepared in accordance with the guidelines of ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1, the GHG Protocol, and the methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with consolidation based on operational control, using 2025 as the corporate base year and applying the operational control approach. The greenhouse gases considered in the calculation of Scope 1 emissions were CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, and SF₆.

Emissions (tCO2e)	2023	2024	2025
Scope 1	597,454.00	731,362.80	976,020.89
Scope 1 – Biogenic	10,810,512.98	9,156,105.51	18,096,569.75

Note: The Scope 1 biogenic emissions above include stationary combustion (biomass), mobile combustion, agricultural activities, and land-use change.

Bracell’s Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory follows the methodological guidance set out in the latest version of the ABNT NBR ISO 14064 standard, the GHG Protocol, and the quantification methodologies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The GHG Emissions Inventory is conducted at a corporate level, covering the pulp production units in São Paulo and Bahia, as well as forest operations in both states.

To manage the material topic of climate change, we rely on policies, action planning, target setting, and continuous monitoring of the results of our initiatives in this area. We seek to operate within a low-carbon economy and adapt to a scenario of a planet with a higher average temperature.

Under Bracell 2030, we have established commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within the Climate Action pillar.

The table below presents our 2025 performance:

CLIMATE ACTION

No	2030 Target	2020 Baseline	2030 Target	2025 Target	2025 Performance	2024 Performance	SDGs Addressed
1	Reduce carbon emissions per metric ton of product by 75%, targeting 0.122 tCO₂e/adt	0.482 tCO2e/adt	0.122 tCO2e/adt	0.141 tCO2e/adt	0.255 tCO2e/adt	0.208 tCO2 e	13, 14, 15
2	25 MtCO₂e removed from the atmosphere between 2020 and 2030	NA	25 MtCO2e	13.9 MtCO2e	6 MtCO2	4.30 MtCO2	13, 14, 15

Bracell 2030 includes two commitments related to the material topic of Climate Change. Our targets were developed based on an assessment of risks and impacts—both positive and negative—of Bracell’s operations in the context of climate change. Our operations both emit greenhouse gases (GHG) and capture CO₂ from the atmosphere through the growth of planted eucalyptus forests and the conservation of native vegetation areas under the Company’s management.

By 2030, we have committed to reducing our carbon emissions intensity by 75% per tonne of product manufactured, using 2020 as the base year for comparison. This corresponds to reaching 0.122 tCO₂e/adt. Additionally, we aim to remove 25 MtCO₂e from the atmosphere over a ten-year period—from 2020 to 2030.

For 2025, we established interim targets of achieving 0.141 tCO₂e/adt and removing 13.9 MtCO₂e. The measured results are detailed below:

Target 1: reduce carbon emissions per metric ton of product by 75%, targeting 0.122 tCO₂e/adt.

From 2020 to 2025, we reduced carbon emissions per metric ton of product by 47%, reaching 0.255 tCO₂e/adt.

Although we achieved a 47% reduction in emissions intensity over this period, several factors contributed to not meeting the target set for 2025. The reduction was negatively impacted mainly by increased mobile combustion in our operations and higher use of natural gas and fuel oil in industrial processes.

On the other hand, we recorded significant progress in 2025. The occurrence of fires in our forest areas was substantially reduced, resulting in an 84% decrease in emissions associated with these events.

Additionally, at our Bahia industrial site, we modernized pulp production with the implementation of a new cooking line. This technology, which became operational in early October 2025, reduced steam demand in the process, contributing to a 3% reduction in the plant’s total natural gas consumption.

We continue to implement initiatives to mitigate climate-related impacts and advance toward the decarbonization of our operations. Investments in testing electric trucks for pulp transportation, as well as in the generation and use of renewable energy, are examples further detailed in the Energy Efficiency chapter.

Target 2: 25MtCO₂e removed between 2020 and 2030

From 2020 to 2025, we removed 6 MtCO₂e. This figure reflects the carbon balance of our operations, i.e., the difference between total removals and anthropogenic emissions and biogenic LULUCF emissions (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry).

The result represents progress compared to the cumulative total recorded up to 2025, reflecting the continued carbon removals associated with our forest operations.

However, climate-related factors contributed to not meeting the target set for 2025. Performance was mainly impacted by adverse weather conditions observed in recent years, characterized by higher temperatures and reduced rainfall, which led to water deficits and directly affected forest productivity. As the growth of eucalyptus forests is directly linked to the capacity to remove CO₂ from the atmosphere, these conditions constrained the expected removal potential over the period.

Bracell has an action plan to mitigate its climate-related impacts and increase the resilience of its operations in the face of climate change. Key initiatives include: monitoring carbon and water fluxes in planted eucalyptus forests; investments in forest research and development (R&D); integrated management of climate-related risks and impacts; and the development of climate zoning studies. Further details can be found in the chapters Monitoring Carbon and Water Fluxes in Planted Eucalyptus Forests and Climate Zoning Study.

Climate Action

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and other significant air emissions
Substance	Site	Bahia Pulp			São Paulo Pulp			Bracell
		2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025	2023	2024	2025
NOX	t	451.93	448.42	384.55	2,847.74	3,131.48	2,933.80	3,299.64	3,579.90	3,318.35
SOX	t	30.47	39.65	40.27	139.89	59.05	55.13	170.36	98.70	95.40
MP	t	197.30	199.99	220.60	643.26	473.22	433.27	840.56	673.21	653.87
TRS	t	2.70	12.57	16.12	43.04	30.93	93.00	45.74	43.50	109.12

 

Note 1: Emissions were calculated through direct measurement using continuous analyzers in the production line. All reported values are expressed in t/year.

Note 2: In the state of São Paulo, Bracell’s atmospheric emissions were calculated based on emission factors provided by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (Cetesb). The methodology followed Board Decision No. 10/2010/P, dated January 12, 2010.

Note 3: In Bahia, the methodology followed the guidelines established by Ordinance No. 18,841, dated August 3, 2019, specifically regarding the maintenance of the atmospheric emissions monitoring plan to ensure compliance with standards based on daily average values, covering TRS, PM, SOx, and NOx. The provisions of CONAMA Resolution No. 382, dated December 26, 2006, were also followed.

Note 4: As Bracell’s operations do not involve processes that result in significant emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), these pollutants are not monitored.

Note 5: Due to the materiality of the topic, the Company began reporting these data from 2023 onwards, including emissions of NOx, SO₂, and particulate matter.

Note 6: Data consider reporting for EU Ecolabel and Nordic Swan certifications for kraft pulp.

Note 7: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) are among the most critical air pollutants due to their direct and indirect impacts on climate and human health. These pollutants are mainly generated by the combustion of fossil fuels and industrial processes.

These substances affect the environment and human health, contributing to the formation of acid rain, which damages ecosystems and structures, and to the occurrence of respiratory problems. Therefore, they reinforce the need to control and reduce emissions to mitigate their impacts.

We have set a target to ensure that our mills are self-sufficient in energy generation. To the extent possible, we use electricity from the national grid only during scheduled maintenance shutdowns. In these cases, we source electricity from the national grid, which derives approximately 85% of its electricity from renewable sources—mainly hydro, wind, and solar.

Electricity is also purchased for forestry and port operations, nurseries and offices.

Brazil’s energy mix is an important advantage for Bracell’s operations, with a high share of renewable sources such as hydro, wind, and solar. This improves operations efficiency and reflects our commitment to sustainable practices. Although variability in energy supply can affect availability and cost during dry periods, a diversified mix of predominantly renewable sources helps mitigate these impacts and ensure stable and sustainable operations.

Total energy consumed	Bahia Pulp	São Paulo Pulp	Southeast Paper1	Northeast Paper
Total energy consumption (GJ)²	17,066,281.82	58,470,266.72	718,976.87	1,312,918.63
Percentage grid electricity	2.65%	0.51%	0.00%	13.26%
Percentage biomass³	78.36%	87.41%	95.66%	45.61%
Percentage of renewable energy (excluding biomass)	0.00%	0.08%	3.12%	0.00%
Self-generated energy (GJ)	3,111,481.48	53,254,398.41	22.419.20	598.767.86

Notes:

1. Our Southeast paper operations use electricity generated as part of the pulp production process. As a result, this site does not purchase energy from external sources.
2. Energy consumed = energy generated + energy purchased – energy sold.
3. Both black liquor and biomass were included in the “Percentage biomass” metric.

The reported water withdrawal volume for the São Paulo Celulose and Papéis Sudeste operations includes only the pulp mill’s primary sources: six licensed groundwater wells and one surface water intake on the Tietê River.

The total water withdrawal volume for our Bahia Pulp operations includes exclusively the primary sources at the pulp mill: eleven groundwater wells.

Bracell Papéis was established in 2023 and reported its environmental performance for the first time in 2024. Bracell Papéis Sudeste does not operate any direct water withdrawal points (surface or groundwater); instead, it uses water sourced through the Bracell Pulp production site.

The water withdrawal volume for the Papéis Nordeste operation refers to our mills in Feira de Santana (BA). At the São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA) and Pombos (PE) sites, there are no water withdrawals as these facilities use dry processing.

Bracell does not withdraw water in water-stressed areas.

Learn more about Bracell’s risk assessment methodology under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Surface water withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2,198	0	2,198	29,456	0	29,456	4,811	0	4,811	64,927	0	64,927	25,351	0	25,351	18,181	0	18,181
São Paulo Pulp	309,165	0	309,165	328,484	12,947,445	13,275,929	314,537	49,223,892	49,538,429	457,789	52,016,479	52,474,269	550,327	49,972,528	50,522,855	666,462.80	52,248,000	52,914,462
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	19,445	19,445
Bracell	311,363	0	311,363	357,940	12,947,445	13,305,385	319,348	49,223,892	49,543,240	522,716	52,016,479	52,539,196	575,678	51,117,132	51,692,810	684,643	53,498,947	54,183,591

Surface water withdrawals (ML)
Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	2	0	2	29	0	29	5	0	5	65	0	65	25	0	25	18	0	18
São Paulo Pulp	309	0	309	328	12,947	13,276	315	49,224	49,538	458	52,016	52,474	550	49,973	50,523	667	52,248	52,915
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,145	1,145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	19	19
Bracell	311	0	311	358	12,947	13,305	319	49,224	49,543	523	52,016	52,539	576	51,117	51,693	685	53,499	54,184

Note: the data presented refers to water volumes expressed in megaliters (ML), in accordance to reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. Bracell also discloses water data in cubic meters (m3) due to the calculation for Bracell 2030 target. 

Groundwater withdrawals (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	889,754	14,720,841	15,610,595	872,245	14,559,672	15,431,917	851,887	15,145,471	15,997,358	874,462	15,738,831	16,613,293	827,071	15,681,068	16,508,139	65,246.4	14,845,602	15,501,848
São Paulo Pulp	282,428	6,831,882	7,114,310	395,258	7,071,663	7,466,921	405,286	6,520,494	6,925,780	556,641	4,342,162	4,898,803	486,285	4,231,181	4,717,466	801,777	5,029,262	5,831,038.94
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0,00	0,00	0,00
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0,00	157,886.479	157,886.48
Bracell	889,754	14,720,841	22,724,905	1,267,503	21,631,336	22,898,838	1,257,173	21,665,965	22,923,138	1,431,103	20,080,993	21,512,096	1,313,356	20,126,433	21,439,789	1,458,024	20,032,750	21,490,774

Groundwater withdrawals (ML)
Operação	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total	Florestal	Industrial	Total
Bahia Pulp	890	14,721	15,611	872	14,560	15,432	852	15,145	15,997	874	15,739	16,613	827	15,681	16,508	656	14,846	15,502
São Paulo Pulp	282	6,832	7,114	395	7,072	7,467	405	6,520	6,926	557	4,342	4,899	486	4,231	4,717	802	5,029	5,831
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214.184	214.18	N/A	157.886	157.886
Bracell	1,172	21,553	22,725	1,268	21,631	22,899	1,257	21,666	22,923	1,431	20,081	21,512	1,313	19,912	21,226	1,458	20,032	21,490

Total water withdrawal (m3)

Operation	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	891,952	14,720,841	15,612,793	901,701	14,559,672	15,461,373	856,698	15,145,471	16,002,169	939,389	15,738,831	16,678,220	852,422	15,681,068	16,533,490	674,427	14,845,602	15,520,029
São Paulo Pulp	591,593	6,831,882	7,423,475	723,742	20,019,108	20,742,850	719,823	55,744,386	56,464,209	1,014,430	56,358,642	57,373,072	1,036,612	54,203,709	55,240,321	1,468,240,01	57,277,261	58,745,501
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1,144,604	1,144,604	0	1,231,503	1,231,503
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214,184	214,184	0	177,331	177,331
Bracell	1,483,545	21,552,723	23,036,268	1,625,443	34,578,781	36,204,224	1,576,521	70,889,856	72,466,377	1,953,819	72,097,472	74,051,291	1,889,034	71,243,565	73,132,599	2,142,667	73,531,697	75,674,364

Total water withdrawal (ML)
Operação	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025
	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total	Forestry	Mill	Total
Bahia Pulp	892	14,721	15,613	902	14,560	15,461	857	15,145	16,002	939	15,739	16,678	852	15,681	16,533	674	14,846	15,520
São Paulo Pulp	592	6,832	7,423	724	20,019	20,743	720	55,744	56,464	1.014	56,359	57,373	1,037	54,204	55,240	1,469	57,277	58,746
Southeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1.145	1.145	N/A	1,232	1,232
Northeast Paper	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	214	214	N/A	177	177
Bracell	1,484	21,553	23,036	1,625	34,579	36,204	1,577	70,890	72,466	1,954	72,097	74,051	1,889	71,244	73,133	2,143	73,531	75,674

Note 1: the data presented refers to water withdrawal volumes in megaliters (ML), in accordance to the reporting guidelines for GRI 303-3. In the other tables, volumes are also presented in cubic meters (m³) due to the calculation standards adopted for Bracell 2030 targets.

Note 2: in 2023, Paper Southeast mill started operating. In 2025, Bracell started reporting sustainability performance disclosure (2024 performance) for tissue operations. Paper Southeast operation does not have its own water abstraction points (surface or groundwater), using water already withdrawn by Bracell’s industrial site in Lençóis Paulista (SP), where pulp production takes place. 

Note 3: the water withdrawal volumes for São Paulo Pulp and Tissue Southeast operations consider exclusively the primary sources of the pulp mill, namely: six groundwater wells and one surface water abstraction from the Tietê River. 

Note 4: the water withdrawal volume for the Paper Northeast operation considers the industrial unit situated in Feira de Santana (state of Bahia). At the sites of São Gonçalo dos Campos (state of Bahia) and Pombos (state of Pernambuco). There is no water withdrawal, as the industrial processes employed are considered dry processes.

Note 5: the water withdrawal volume for forestry operations encompasses water abstraction from officially licensed (permitted) abstraction points located in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná, in addition to the state of São Paulo. All licensed abstraction points are subject to systematic control and monitoring by the Forestry Environmental Department of Bracell São Paulo Pulp. Further details on forestry water management practices are disclosed under GRI 3-3 – Management of the material topic Water and Effluents.

Bracell operates pulp production facilities in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia) and the Lençóis Paulista Industrial Park (São Paulo), along with Tissue manufacturing facilities in Lençóis Paulista (SP), Pombos (PE), Feira de Santana (BA), and São Gonçalo dos Campos (BA). Our pulp business also includes forestry operations—from planting through harvesting—in the states of Bahia, São Paulo, and Sergipe.

Water and effluent management is a material topic for Bracell. Our management practices include clearly defined reduction targets for water use in pulp production, as well as policies and initiatives to protect water resources and preserve regional watersheds. We have set targets to improve operational water efficiency, mitigate water availability risks and impacts, and optimize effluent management practices.

We monitor and control water withdrawal, discharge, and consumption across both our mill and forestry operations. Our Integrated Management System comprises corporate policies, standard operating procedures, and risk, aspect and impact matrixes. These policies and procedures comply with the requirements of ISO 14001, ISO 9001, Forestry Certification Endorsement Program (PEFC) certification requirements, applicable Brazilian legislation, regulatory standards and international sustainability management protocols.

The Environmental and Certification teams in our forestry and mill operations manage our Integrated Management System. These teams report annually to their respective General Operations Managers on continuous improvement in environmental performance and certification compliance.

The consequence of water scarcity risk is considered high, regardless of the plant’s location or the source of water withdrawals, whether groundwater or surface water. The variation in risk levels is driven by the likelihood of water scarcity, which may differ according to the edaphoclimatic conditions—relating to soil and climate—of the region where the plant operates.

Regarding discharge-related risks, these vary depending on factors that may increase or reduce the level of contamination in the recipient water body, as well as on the specific processes existing in each mill. Risks associated with water withdrawal and effluent discharge have been mapped, or are planned to be mapped, across all Bracell operations in Brazil, in line with the risk assessment methodology referenced under GRI 3-3 Management of the material topic: Water and effluents.

Bracell Camaçari (BA) is a member of the Water Resources Management Plan (PGRH) of the Camaçari Industrial Park, lead by CETREL, which establishes requirements and guidelines for monitoring groundwater and surface water quality within the facility. Ongoing assessments are conducted under this framework to support the mitigation of water management risks in the region. According to the most recent water zoning study conducted by CETREL, two of Bracell Camaçari’s eleven wells are located in an area subject to restrictions on groundwater withdrawal due to contamination risk. Although no evidence of contamination has been identified in these wells, the phreatic portion of the aquifer is affected by contaminants and, despite groundwater withdrawals occurring from confined layers, there remains some degree of vulnerability to pollution. Appropriate steps have already been agreed on with the CETREL team. The remaining wells are located in areas classified as groundwater extraction control zones. 

As part of Bracell 2030, our sustainability roadmap, we have set a target for improving water efficiency in our mill processes. By 2030, we aim to achieve a 47% reduction in water intensity per metric ton of pulp produced, reaching 16.6 m³/adt. In 2025, our water intensity stood at 19.9 m³/adt, in line with our target for the year.

In our forestry operations, eucalyptus planting is informed by a climate zoning study conducted by our Forest R&D team. This study analyzes historical climate data such as precipitation, temperature, and latitude. Based on collected data, land with greater water availability may be recommended (read more about our management approach in Climate Action).

We are actively engaged in reducing the use of harmful chemicals and inorganic fertilizers in our forestry operations, which can contaminate soil and water resources. In line with international conventions, including the Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions, we are phasing out sulfluramid and exploring safer alternatives for managing leaf-cutting ants. Our teams participate in collaborative research programs and conduct in-house testing to identify safer substitutes.

To further reduce synthetic fertilizer use, Bracell is exploring the application of organomineral fertilizers produced from organic waste generated by our own facilities. A composting plant feasibility study is currently underway. In 2024, we also began producing potassium sulfate from an effluent stream in our pulp production process, reducing our reliance on imported potassium chloride.

List of chemicals used

Category	Active ingredient
Fungicide	Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole
Fungicide	Mancozeb + Azoxystrobin
Fungicide	Metconazole
Fungicide	Pyraclostrobin
Fungicide	Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin
Herbicide	Flumioxazin
Herbicide	Fluroxypyr + Triclopyr
Herbicide	Glyphosate
Herbicide	Haloxyfop
Herbicide	Haloxyfop + Clethodim
Herbicide	Indaziflam
Herbicide	Isoxaflutole
Herbicide	Oxyfluorfen
Herbicide	Saflufenacil
Herbicide	Sulfentrazone
Herbicide	Triclopyr
Insecticide	Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Alpha-cypermethrin
Insecticide	Bifenthrin
Insecticide	Deltamethrin
Insecticide	Fipronil
Insecticide	Imidacloprid
Insecticide	Isocycloseram
Insecticide	Sulfluramid
Insecticide	Thiamethoxam

Water withdrawal management

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (Bahia), water is withdrawn from 11 groundwater wells located near the plant within the Recôncavo Norte Watershed. These withdrawals are made under a permit from the Bahia State Environmental Agency (Inema). We also withdraw groundwater at our Bracell Papéis plant in the Northeast, in Feira de Santana (BA), via 14 deep cased wells operating under a permit issued by Inema. The wells are continuously monitored for flow rate, water table levels, and hydro accordance with regulations.

At our Lençóis Paulista (SP) site, water is sourced from six deep cased wells and surface water drawn from the Tietê River, at an intake 22 km from the mill. The site also has a system to collect rainwater. We additionally operate groundwater withdrawal systems at two nurseries in São Paulo: one in Lençóis Paulista and another in Avaí.

Our forestry operations, which supply raw material to both the Camaçari and Lençóis Paulista mills, similarly withdraw both surface and groundwater. Across all operations, our water withdrawal points are distributed as follows: 37 in Bahia, 338 in São Paulo, 44 in Minas Gerais, 7 in Paraná, and 4 in Goiás. All withdrawals are made under permits issued by the respective environmental authorities. Withdrawal points are periodically monitored in accordance with license requirements (learn more under GRI 303-3 Water withdrawal).

In Bahia, we withdraw surface water from six major rivers: Pojuca, Subaúma, Itariri, Inhambupe, Sauípe and Imbassaí. In São Paulo, withdrawals are made from 10 designated Water Resource Management Units (UGRHIs): Aguapeí, Peixe, Upper Paranapanema, Middle Paranapanema, Pontal do Paranapanema, Tietê Batalha, Tietê Jacaré, Tietê Sorocaba, Piracicaba/Capivari/Jundiaí, and Mogi-Guaçu. In Minas Gerais, our water sources include Ribeirão da Onça, Ribeirão Jacurutu and its tributaries, Rio do Peixe, Córrego Sobrado, and Rio Jequitaí. In Paraná, water is withdrawn from Ribeirão Jundiaí. In Goiás, water is withdrawn from a tributary of the Rio Corrente.

We evaluate potential impacts on water resources using an impact matrix that accounts for the scale and intensity of forestry activities. Based on this analysis, we implement preventive and mitigation measures as needed. Regular water quality assessments are conducted to evaluate the effects of our forestry operations. As of 2025, the results indicate no adverse impacts.

Water Resources Monitoring Program

Our Water Resource Monitoring Plan tracks withdrawal volumes to ensure compliance with permit requirements and licensing covenants issued by environmental authorities.

Water management in the Camaçari Industrial Park is overseen by an independent firm that monitors both water availability and quality. The district’s Water Resources Management Plan includes risk assessments and action plans for 100% of tenants (read more about effluent management under GRI 303-4 Water discharge).

Bracell protects natural watercourses with vegetated buffer zones. We use official data from the Rural Environmental Register (CAR) to georeference information about the farms we manage. In our geographic information system, we intersect this data with other data sets, such as those compiled in our protected areas and buffer zones. This informs our operational procedures on each property, depending on the constraints and conditions set in management plans (read more in Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity).

Consumption management

Our facilities use partially closed-loop water systems that support water recycling throughout the production process, minimizing freshwater withdrawals.

At our new Tissue facility in Lençóis Paulista (SP), water used in manufacturing is extracted directly from the pulp, purified within the process, and then reused. This reduces water intake and enhances overall water efficiency.

At Bracell Papéis Nordeste, in Feira de Santana (BA), wastewater is recovered after treatment and returned to the process, further reducing fresh water consumption. This facility is designed as a fully closed loop, with 100% of process water recycled (read more about the sustainability attributes of our operations under GRI 2-6 About Bracell).

In our nurseries, water is primarily used for seedling irrigation. In Bahia, there are also areas of planted eucalyptus forests. Excess irrigation water is directed to drainage systems, infiltrating the soil in the eucalyptus stands. In our forestry operations, water serves various purposes, including seedling watering, preparation of chemical treatment mixtures, firefighting, dust suppression and maintenance of service roads, and equipment cleaning.

In Bahia, Bracell collaborates with public agencies and local communities to help ensure water availability. Monitoring is conducted by an independent firm based in the Camaçari industrial park, which identifies potential risks and implements corrective action (see GRI 303-2 Management of water discharge-related impacts for additional information).

To ensure responsible and compliant water consumption, we conduct regular environmental monitoring across our forestry and mill sites in São Paulo and Bahia. This monitoring is performed by laboratories accredited under NBR ISO/IEC 17025 and includes assessments of both groundwater and surface water quality, as well as potability testing for human consumption, ensuring compliance with applicable regulations.

Effluent management and discharge

Our pulp production facilities are certified to ISO 14001:2015, which ensures water consumption and discharge points are systematically managed and controlled within an internal environmental management system, including consumption limits and strategies for reuse and reduction.

We are the first company in the pulp industry in São Paulo to implement three-stage effluent treatment.

Primary treatment: mechanical removal of fibers and inorganic compounds through solid-liquid separation

Secondary treatment: biological treatment of organic matter using activated sludge systems to significantly reduce organic load

Tertiary treatment: final polishing of the treated effluent through a chemical flotation system, ensuring it meets appropriate quality standards before it is returned to the Tietê River.

Tertiary effluent treatment supports high-performance removal of organic load—as measured by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—at approximately 98% efficiency, far exceeding federal regulatory requirements (Conama Resolution 430/2011). In addition, approximately 92% of water withdrawals are returned to the Tietê River as treated effluent.

Effluent discharge limits are set in accordance with Brazilian environmental laws and standards, including Article 18 of Decree No. 8.468/1976, Article 16 of CONAMA Resolution 430/2011, the state environmental regulator’s (CETESB) Technical Reference Document, Technical Opinion 072/18/IPSE, and international eco-label standards such as Nordic Swan and the EU Ecolabel (see GRI 2-6 About Bracell for further details).

At our mill in the Camaçari Industrial Park (BA), process water is collected post-use and pumped to Bracell’s on-site primary treatment system, which includes a sedimentation step. The organic effluent is then sent to the local utility, which performs secondary biological treatment (activated sludge), ensuring more than 95% removal of organic load. The treated effluent is then discharged into the Atlantic Ocean through a submarine outfall, in compliance with CONAMA Resolution 430/2011 and the guidelines of the Bahia state environmental authority (INEMA).

We consistently maintain quality standards that surpass national regulatory requirements, with especially rigorous monitoring of parameters like BOD and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

At our operations in São Paulo, BOD levels are approximately 98% above the threshold required by federal regulations (Conama Resolution No. 430/2011), reflecting the efficiency of our exclusive tertiary treatment system.

In our Bahia operations, regular COD monitoring ensures the primary treatment system is performing optimally. The secondary treatment stage effectively reduces organic load, though due to mixing with effluents from other industrial operators within the complex, it is not possible to measure Bracell’s isolated contribution to the final effluent discharged offshore.

In November 2025, we implemented a new washing system at our Bahia pulp mill. This upgrade is expected to positively impact effluent COD levels, with results anticipated from 2026 onward.

We conduct our forestry operations in compliance with the Forestry Certification Endorsement Program (PEFC) Standards, support environmentally compliant, socially beneficial and economically feasible operations. With the recertification of our plantation areas in 2024, a new five-year cycle begins, during which we commit to following certification standard requirements and commissioning annual third-party audits of our operations.

All pulpwood resource is verified against certification standards. In São Paulo, 71% comes from certified Bracell-managed plantations, and 29% from controlled sources. In Bahia, 81% of pulpwood is certified, while 19% comes from controlled sources.

We monitor 100% of the pulpwood resource. All shipments undergo due diligence to identify environmental and social risks and prevent the use of pulpwood from controversial sources, in line with Bracell’s commitment to not sourcing pulpwood of questionable origin.

During the year, 83 business partners—49 in São Paulo and 34 in Bahia—supplied controlled-source pulpwood to the mills in both states. Document and field inspections are conducted to verify sustainable practices such as oil spill containment, proper waste disposal, non-use of burning for clearing, and compliance with protected area and legal reserve requirements. Additionally, our Bahia operation is certified to ISO 14001 – Environmental Management Systems.

All pulpwood purchased from the market that does not hold PEFC forest management certification undergoes due diligence to ensure it can be classified as controlled and made eligible for use in the production process. Bracell applies the material risk classification metrics established by the PEFC standard. If the risk of the material originating from a controversial source is deemed negligible, it may be classified as controlled and incorporated into our management system. To complete the process, documented information is collected, reviews are conducted, and procurement is managed based on the material’s risk classification.